Diplomacy
Xi declares the SCO an effective force against hegemonism at Tianjin summit
On Monday, Chinese President Xi Jinping called on the leaders of Russia, India and other Asian countries to strengthen security and economic cooperation. He said that the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation had become an effective force against hegemony and power politics.
Xi made this statement in his speech at the 25th Summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin were also among the attendees.
Xi said that members should “oppose Cold War thinking, bloc confrontation, and bullying.” He also called on them to “support the multilateral trading system centered on the World Trade Organization” and advocate for an “equal and orderly multipolar world.”
The Chinese leader urged the organization’s members to set aside their differences and enhance cooperation and solidarity, stating, “We must advocate for an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally inclusive economic globalization, making the global governance system more equal and just.”
“The SCO has become an effective force against hegemonism and power politics by standing for international equality and justice, and by championing the inclusiveness and mutual learning of civilizations,” he said.
Xi stated that China aims to develop the SCO in “practical” ways. He announced plans to provide 2 billion yuan ($280 million) in grant aid to member countries this year, offer an additional 10 billion yuan in credit to member banks of the SCO Interbank Consortium over the next three years, and double the number of SCO special scholarships starting next year.
Xi also called for the prompt establishment of a center to address security threats and a counter-narcotics center.
According to Chinese state media, more than 20 foreign leaders attended the summit held in the city of Tianjin, near Beijing, making it the group’s largest event to date.

Xi-Modi meeting
Xi met with Modi on Sunday, signaling his intention to forge warmer relations with India immediately after US President Donald Trump imposed additional tariffs on Indian goods to penalize its purchases of Russian oil.
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi traveled to India before the summit and promised to meet India’s need for rare earth minerals, which are critical metals used in high-tech manufacturing. China imposed restrictions on rare earth element exports in April in retaliation for US tariffs.
China and India face a wide range of conflicts, from border issues to China’s support for Pakistan. However, analysts say that China, experiencing an economic slowdown at home, can benefit from India’s growing consumer market and its demand for the modernization of infrastructure and industry. For India, which has been penalized with a 50% tariff by the US, a move toward closer ties with China is also seen as strategic.
Xi-Putin friendship
The summit was interpreted as a demonstration of closer relations between China and Russia, as well as the friendship the two leaders have built over the years, highlighting Putin’s close relationship with Xi.
The personal chemistry between the two leaders was evident at the welcome dinner hosted by Xi and his wife, Peng Liyuan, for the participating leaders on Sunday evening.
Putin was photographed standing next to the Chinese president at the banquet, and the two were shown on television walking side-by-side as they entered the hall.
Two proposals from Pezeshkian
In his speech at the summit, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian proposed the establishment of a crisis committee composed of foreign ministers to manage regional crises.
Stating that the committee should be structured to intervene quickly in violations of members’ sovereignty, Pezeshkian said, “Iran believes that the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, as one of the important pillars of the multipolarity of the international system, must take concrete steps to create a more peaceful world that is more conducive to economic cooperation.”
In this context, Pezeshkian presented two specific proposals from Iran: “the necessity of building peace” and “the necessity of strengthening financial cooperation to reduce the impact of unilateral sanctions.” He elaborated, “A committee composed of the foreign ministers of member states should be established to exchange views and consult on various crises threatening regional peace and security, to develop operational proposals for crisis management, and to provide a mechanism for their follow-up. This committee should have the authority to convene immediately at the request of a member in various potential and actual crises and should assume an appropriate role as the intellectual and operational arm of the organization. Especially when a member’s sovereignty is violated, this mechanism must react immediately and strive to support the member whose sovereignty has been violated through various channels.”
Pezeshkian noted that the unilateral sanctions of Western countries harm the economic relations of member states and, to solve this problem, proposed strengthening the “SCO Special Accounts” mechanism, which includes expanding payments in national currencies, establishing digital infrastructures, and creating a multilateral currency swap fund.
Erdoğan-Xi meeting
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who was in Tianjin for the summit, also met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping.
Xi stated that China and Türkiye are major emerging countries with a spirit of independence, adding that the high-level development of bilateral relations serves the fundamental interests of both countries and the common interests of the Global South.
Xi called on both countries to grasp global trends such as peace, development, and win-win cooperation and to work together to build a more just and equitable global governance system.
Noting that next year marks the 55th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Türkiye, Xi said the two sides should use this opportunity to strengthen bilateral ties. “The two countries should consolidate political mutual trust, support each other on issues concerning their core interests and major concerns, and strengthen cooperation in counter-terrorism and security,” he said.
Xi said the two countries should deepen practical cooperation and seek new opportunities for collaboration in new energy, 5G technology, and biomedicine. He also called for both sides to strengthen coordination within multilateral frameworks to uphold international justice and fairness.
President Erdoğan stated that Türkiye is ready to maintain close high-level relations with China, advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and support the solid growth of bilateral relations by strengthening cooperation in areas such as infrastructure and new energy.
Erdoğan noted that Türkiye is ready to enhance cooperation with China within the SCO framework to contribute to the development and prosperity of the region and the world, and he praised China’s just stance on the Middle East issue.
President Erdoğan reiterated Türkiye’s support for the “One China” policy, emphasizing the strategic dimension of the relations between the two countries.
The meeting was also attended by Minister of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Alparslan Bayraktar, Minister of Treasury and Finance Mehmet Şimşek, Minister of National Defence Yaşar Güler, Minister of Industry and Technology Mehmet Fatih Kacır, Minister of Trade Ömer Bolat, Head of MİT İbrahim Kalın, and Türkiyes Ambassador to Beijing Selçuk Ünal.
On the Chinese side, senior officials including Cai Qi, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Foreign Minister Wang Yi were present.
At the summit, which will conclude on Monday, a joint declaration called the Tianjin Declaration and a 10-year development plan are expected to be prepared.
Some foreign leaders will remain in China to attend a military parade in Beijing on Wednesday to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
The SCO was initially formed in 1996 as an alliance for border security and economic cooperation by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The group, then known as the “Shanghai Five,” was officially established in 2001 with the inclusion of Uzbekistan.
The membership processes for India and Pakistan were completed at the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan in 2017. With the accession of Iran at the Dushanbe Summit in Tajikistan in 2021 and Belarus at the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan in 2024, the organization’s membership has reached 10.
Mongolia and Afghanistan, whose status has been inactive since September 2021, are “observers” in the organization, while the SCO has a “dialogue partnership” with 14 countries, including Türkiye.
The total land area of the member countries covers approximately 65% of the Eurasian continent, representing 40% of the world’s population and 30% of the global gross domestic product.
Diplomacy
FIFA abandons $4.2 billion commercial stake sale following widespread revolt
FIFA and Gianni Infantino have backed down from plans to sell a stake in the organization’s commercial and event operations following widespread backlash.
In a statement issued late Friday night, the embattled FIFA president said:
“After carefully listening to all views, it has become clear that this project, regardless of the level of support, causes divisions that are now contrary to the interests of the objective originally established. Our goal has always been, and will always be, to unite and improve. As a result, this proposal will not be implemented.”
Infantino’s proposal met with fierce resistance from UEFA, CONCACAF, and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
UEFA indicated that all 55 of its members would boycott FIFA competitions, including the World Cup, if the plans remained on the table.
In its statement, FIFA noted that “nobody is selling football,” and while asserting that it “acknowledges and respects the feedback and concerns expressed publicly,” emphasized that it would continue to implement suggestions.
It added that it “reaffirms its commitment to an open and democratic process of consultation.”
Shortly after FIFA issued its statement, the AFC released its own declaration of solidarity with UEFA and the Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF).
Infantino subsequently suffered two major internal blows.
First, his adviser Carlos Cordeiro resigned from his position, sharply criticizing the plan in a statement as “a bad deal for FIFA member associations, a bad deal for football, and a bad deal for the long-term future of the game.”
Then, FIFA Chief Operating Officer Kevin Lamour told the Associated Press that staff felt “deceived” by Infantino and that after raising the issue, he would “sleep better, even at the cost of losing his job.”
Lamour said:
“This is the project of a single person. Leaving aside that this project should not proceed… it is now time for the political leaders of world football to ask themselves the right questions and make the right decisions.”
These developments left Infantino cornered, and by Friday afternoon, numerous figures within the organization—speaking to The Athletic on condition of anonymity to protect their jobs—believed it was no longer a question of “if” the cord would be cut, but “when.”
Joshua Kushner’s venture capital firm Thrive had not withdrawn from the deal as of Friday night, but that became moot when FIFA management ultimately decided to kill the project via a public statement.
Joshua Kushner is the brother of Jared Kushner, the son-in-law of Donald Trump.
On Tuesday, world football’s governing body had announced its intention to establish FIFA Forward Enterprises (FFE), a new private entity to manage its flagship events, including the World Cup and the Club World Cup, with plans to sell a 21% minority stake in FFE to external investors.
The sale was targeted to generate $4.2 billion (£3.2 billion) in revenue. FIFA stated that this amount could be immediately distributed to its 211 member associations under a new funding stream named the “FIFA Fast-Forward Program” (FFFP).
Under the plan, FIFA’s total development funding would have exceeded $10 billion over the next four years.
Despite mounting criticism in recent days, FIFA confirmed that if member associations opposed the FFE plan but the proposal was accepted, the dissenting federations would each receive $20 million (£14.9 million) for the 2027–30 cycle, regardless of whether shares in FFE were sold to private investors (to be followed by $22 million for 2031–34 and $24 million for 2035–38).
However, had a given member association accepted the FFE proposal, it would have received $40 million for the 2027–30 period, with subsequent payouts remaining the same.
The three confederations that explicitly took a stand against FIFA’s plan represent 137 of the 211 FIFA member associations.
FIFA had stated that for the proposal to move forward, it required the approval of a majority of the 211 member associations as well as the 37-member FIFA Council, which consists of Infantino and eight FIFA vice presidents.
Strategic reactions and leadership crisis
South American football confederation CONMEBOL did not reject the plans in a statement on Friday, but noted that financial and commercial decisions “must always serve the interests of football and never take precedence over the essence of the game.”
According to a report by The Athletic, Infantino’s future leadership of FIFA was called into question during UEFA and CONCACAF meetings held on Thursday.
Infantino assumed the FIFA presidency in February 2016, succeeding Sepp Blatter, and was expected to run unopposed in the next election scheduled for March 2027.
There is also talk among European officials of putting forward Nasser Al-Khelaifi, the Qatari CEO of beIN Media, to run against Infantino.
Lise Klaveness, President of the Norwegian Football Federation, told VG: “My clear impression right now is that he has suffered a major loss of trust. We did not vote for him last time and were skeptical about this. There are many good aspects to FIFA, but if you take a lax approach to governance principles and rules, you lose trust quickly.”
Diplomacy
Defense Priorities director warns US air strategy in Middle East faces tactical limits
The collapse of a tentative memorandum of understanding between Washington and Tehran, coupled with the diminishing strategic returns of American air power, has left the United States locked in an unsustainable, low-intensity conflict with Iran, according to Benjamin Friedman, Policy Director at the Washington-based think tank Defense Priorities.
Speaking in an interview on the YouTube channel Harici with host Sarp Sinan Hacır, Friedman attributed the failure of the short-lived US-Iran memorandum primarily to the Trump administration’s diplomatic missteps, vague draft language, and unrealistic expectations regarding a comprehensive settlement.
“Both sides really deserve some blame, but the Trump administration deserves the bulk of the blame for drafting an agreement that was so vague on key terms,” Friedman said, citing ambiguities surrounding the timeline for unfreezing Iranian assets and the scope of American commitments to restrain Israeli military operations in Lebanon.
Friedman emphasized that deep-seated mistrust in Tehran, exacerbated by repeated instances where diplomatic engagement was followed by Israeli or American military strikes, led Iranian negotiators to adopt an unyielding posture. At the same time, he noted that Iran likely miscalculated by using disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz to aggressively force leverage.
“The Trump administration remained intent on this sort of grand bargain that would restrain Iran seeking weapons development… and I think they continue to misread the Iranian willingness to sign that kind of deal,” Friedman noted, adding that Tehran viewed its leverage over the Strait of Hormuz as essential despite the risk of provoking further strikes.
Expressing deep skepticism over the prospects for a lasting diplomatic breakthrough, Friedman criticized the administration’s reliance on informal envoys such as Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner over professional diplomatic channels, predicting that the baseline outcome will remain an unpredictable, episodic conflict.
“What’s more likely is a kind of on-off-again kind of war—sort of what we’re in now, where we have occasional strikes, with the United States perhaps by accident adopting the Israeli model of ‘mowing the lawn’ periodically,” Friedman said.
Addressing the efficacy of US air power, Friedman argued that military operations against Iranian targets have reached a point of diminishing returns. While early strikes successfully eliminated critical high-value assets—such as over-the-horizon radar systems that targeted anti-ship missiles—Iran’s ballistic missile and long-range drone capabilities remain largely intact and operational.
He pointed to a recent strike on a base hosting US personnel in Jordan, launched from western Iran over a distance exceeding 1,000 kilometers, as evidence of Tehran’s sustained strike precision and the tactical limits of American interdiction efforts.
“The war is a failure for air power even in a tactical sense,” Friedman stated. “Initially, we looked at it and said we had a lot of success in destroying targets, but as more information came out, it turned out they had maybe more than half of their missiles and launchers survive the initial phase of the war.”
Friedman observed that the global proliferation of low-cost, high-precision guidance technology has permanently altered the strategic landscape, neutralizing the traditional invulnerability of forward-deployed US installations. “The precise effects of air power that used to be almost a monopoly of the United States… is actually making our posture in the region less sustainable,” he said, warning that similar vulnerabilities would be vastly amplified in any potential high-intensity conflict with China.
As an alternative to open-ended military engagement, Friedman suggested that Washington consider a complete military withdrawal from the region, even if it entails accepting Iranian transit fees on commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. “The cost of preventing that through perpetual outbursts of warfare is much higher than just accepting it,” he noted.
Turning to regional dynamics, Friedman addressed Israel’s current absence from active strike operations against Iran, characterizing it as a calculated move to preserve its own air defense interceptors while relying on Washington to bear the operational and political burdens of containment.
On European security and the broader alliance structure, Friedman offered a critical assessment of the NATO summit in Ankara and the administration’s “NATO 3.0” concept. He described the white paper led by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth as an effort to coerce European states into escalating defense expenditures and purchasing American hardware under the threat of reduced security guarantees, rather than executing a structured, strategic US posture adjustment.
“This is not a real US withdrawal; it’s a kind of pressure to up your loyalty in a particular way,” Friedman said, noting that major European powers such as Germany, France, and the UK lack a compelling existential incentive to construct independent, large-scale conventional war-fighting capabilities.
Regarding bilateral relations with Ankara, Friedman noted that US-Turkish tensions have eased considerably following the shift in American posture in Syria and progress toward resolving long-standing friction points, including the F-35 program and S-400 procurement. He added that while Israeli leadership under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has expressed frustration over Washington’s constructive engagement with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the White House has maintained its strategic course despite pressure from domestic pro-Israel lobbying groups.
Addressing internal Republican Party dynamics, Friedman highlighted the evolving public stance of Vice President J.D. Vance, whose cautious criticism of Israeli influence and emphasis on divergent national interests reflects broader ideological shifts within the conservative base.
“Vance is more representative of the shift in the Republican Party,” Friedman said. “He’s criticizing them in a limited way and saying, ‘Our interests are different.’ From the perspective of those of us who would like the United States to have a more distant relationship from Israel, it’s progress.”
Looking ahead to the upcoming US midterm elections, Friedman anticipated that a loss of congressional control by the Republican Party would severely curtail the administration’s domestic executive overreach, though its structural impact on foreign policy execution and Middle Eastern operations would remain comparatively limited.
Diplomacy
UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham pledges full support to Ukraine in meeting with Zelenskyy
UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham has met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Portsmouth, England.
Zelenskyy is the first world leader Burnham has met in person since taking office, with the prime minister committing to building a “firm partnership” between the United Kingdom and Ukraine.
Demonstrating their support, the two leaders toured a military base in Portsmouth where 200 Ukrainian troops are currently undergoing naval training exercises.
Burnham described his meeting with the Ukrainian president as “warm” and said he plans to visit Ukraine soon.
“We will build this together and address the various issues President Zelenskyy is facing, many of which we discussed today,” Burnham said.
The meeting follows an announcement by London that it will share intellectual property rights to assist Kyiv’s war effort.
The new prime minister announced that the UK will share the “Stone Cloak” electronic warfare system—which is fitted to drones to prevent detection—and will assist Ukraine in mass-producing the technology.
Burnham has focused primarily on domestic matters since replacing Keir Starmer, who faced criticism from elements within his own party for spending too much time abroad and focusing heavily on foreign affairs.
However, Burnham sought to signal continuity in Britain’s policy toward Ukraine. In one of his first phone calls after becoming prime minister last week, Burnham invited Zelenskyy to visit the UK “as soon as possible.”
Starmer spent his final full day as prime minister in Kyiv, where he announced £255 million in funding for Ukraine.
Speaking to Sky on Monday, Zelenskyy said his telephone conversation with Burnham had been “very good.”
The Ukrainian leader noted that Starmer had previously assured him that “the new government would maintain the policy of supporting Ukraine during the war.”
The new prime minister told the Ukrainian leader it was “no coincidence” that he was his first international visitor since moving into Downing Street.
“The purpose of this is to send a very clear message. We stand 100% with Ukraine, I personally stand 100% with you, and I will fully deliver on every commitment this country has made to Ukraine,” Burnham said.
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