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Ebrahim Raisi was not only the president  

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The death of Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi in a helicopter crash on Sunday has shocked the Middle East in particular and the broader world in general.

The death of Raisi was confirmed 17 hours after the helicopter carrying him and his high-ranking delegation disappeared. It was officially confirmed that all the passengers, Raisi and his foreign minister, Hossein Amir Abdullahian, have died. However, Raisi’s death does not leave a power vacuum in Iran and according to the constitution, the first vice President Mohammad Mokhber to assume power next and he is responsible to hold elections within 50 days.

Raisi has been considered as one of the closest figures to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This relationship was so close that some observers believed that Raisi could be the successor of Khamenei after his death.

Who was Raisi and how did he become the president of Iran?

Ebrahim Raisi was born in 1964 in the Noghan district of Mashhad. Based on the information of Raisi’s official website, his father, Hujjatul Islam Haji Raees Al Sadati, was also a cleric in Mashhad. Raisi studied in the religious schools of Mashhad and then went to the city of Qom, the center of religious schools of Iran, where he studied in the field of religious sciences.

While studying in the religious schools of Qom, he established a relationship with the opposition clerics of Mohammad Reza Shah and joined the group of young supporters of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. After the victory of the revolution, Raisi climbed the ladder of power with impressive speed.

He was only 20 years old when he became the prosecutor of the cities of Karaj and Hamadan, and from 1361 to 1363 he was the prosecutor of Hamadan province. An important official who had a lot of authority in Iran’s “revolutionary” system.

In the same period and at the age of 23, he married the daughter of one of the most influential clerics in Iran. Raisi’s marriage with the daughter of Ayatollah Seyyed Ahmad Alam Al-Hadi, the Friday imam of Mashhad, further strengthened Raisi’s position.

Raisi was appointed deputy prosecutor of the Tehran Revolution in 1998 and held the position of Tehran prosecutor.

Raisi, after five years as head of the Tehran Prosecutor’s Office, became the head of the “General Inspection Organization”. After that, he was the first deputy of the Judiciary for ten years, and in 2013 he became the Attorney General of Iran and then he was in charge of “Astan Quds Razavi”, which is one of the closest institutions to the leader of Iran.

Failure in the elections and victory in the judiciary

In 2017, Raisi entered the presidential election race against Hassan Rouhani. In this election, Rouhani defeated Raisi by winning 57pc of the votes. Although Raisi entered the field with Khamenei’s support, he managed to get only 38pc of the votes and lost to the reformist rival.

A helicopter carrying Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and other senior officials crashed in the northwestern part of Iran on May 19, 2024. APA

The defeat of the candidate supported by the leader of the Islamic Republic had hurt the position of the concervatives in the balance of power against the reformists. But Khamenei made up for this failure by appointing a head of the judiciary. At the same time, Raisi also won the vice presidency of the Council of Leadership Experts. In case of the death of Iran’s religious leader, this council is responsible for appointing a new leader.

This promotion made Raisi one step closer to the presidency of Iran and further established his position among the fundamentalists.

In the presidential election, finally, Raisi won the election without a serious opponent and won 62pc of the votes. This election had the lowest level of participation in the history of Iran.

Raisi and the presidency

Raisi started his government with the slogan of “improving the economy and solving the country’s problems” and supporting diplomatic programs to remove international sanctions.

On the other hand, Raisi’s government faced serious challenges due to the bankrupt economy and increasing foreign sanctions.

But in the field of foreign policy, the President’s government was able to establish better relations with Saudi Arabia, the main rival of Iran in the Islamic world.

The embassies of the two countries were reopened in Tehran and Riyadh after seven years, and diplomatic relations between these two long-time rivals were terminated.

Meanwhile, the Gaza war and Israel’s attack on the Iranian consulate in Damascus brought the proxy war between Iran and Israel to a critical and unprecedented stage. For the first time, Iran went to the brink of direct war with Israel and in response to Israel’s attack on its consulate, it launched 300 missiles and drones towards Israel.

MIDDLE EAST

Some Afghan journalists contemplating suicide; but why?

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In the past three years, the Taliban have severely limited access to information in Afghanistan and in some cases made it almost impossible. Many journalists who operate from the country say that the space for their activities is getting narrower every day.

These reporters state that in addition to self-censorship, they have experienced a kind of unwanted imprisonment and spend days and nights in their homes. They cannot move freely in the community for fear of interrogation and revenge from the Taliban.

In this report, two journalists have confirmed that they thought of suicide due to pressure from the Taliban. They say that life in Afghanistan has become difficult and that the Taliban have appeared as “death angle” and that if they did not have children, they would commit suicide.

These journalists are disappointed with the institutions that support the media and say that they have no way out of the existing problems. This is despite the fact that the Taliban have imposed more restrictions during the past month and have banned the publication of photos and images in five provinces.

One of the journalists who works under the Taliban regime says that the space for journalists to breathe and live is getting narrower and more limited every day. According to him, the Taliban have created an atmosphere where reporters and media spend day and night in worry and fear, and because of this, they cannot cover many events.

Taliban severely restricted the media landscape in Afghanistan, making it nearly impossible for journalist to operate

She emphasized that in some cases, due to the fear of the Taliban, she has covered news events a few days after they happened to prevent the Taliban from drawing attention and focusing on herself.

This reporter, who does not want to be named in the report, emphasizes that the difficult living conditions, the strict restrictions of the Taliban and the fear of being arrested and interrogated by this group made her think of suicide.

Samera, one of the Afghan female journalists, using her pin name for security reason, said that the painful experience of working under the Taliban rule has made her think about suicide many times. She says that she was once arrested by the Taliban for filming for news coverage.

“My arrest by the Taliban was the most bitter and painful experience, which made forced me to think of committing suicide,” She lamented.

This journalist says: “When the Taliban arrested me, I was thinking what my family, my colleagues and the community would say if I stayed in the prison at night?”

She furthered, “Because the arrest of a woman by the Taliban willfully or unwittingly has negative and harmful consequences that one cannot think of anything other than suicide.”

When the Taliban took some journalists, including females to the court, one of them said “why did you bring them, you should have shot them.”

“There I saw an old man who was the same age as my father. He threw himself at Talib’s feet and apologized, but Talib did not pay any attention to him,” she added.

An Afghan journalist said that he will commit suicide this time if Taliban arrest him

Omid, another journalist who used his pin name to avoid arrest, has thought of suicide many times, and he was also arrested several times. He says that despite his efforts, he did not succeed in leaving Afghanistan. “I’ll commit suicide if the Taliban arrest me once again,” he warned.

He furthered that he has heard a lot about torture and ill-treatment in the Taliban prison and has a horrible image of the prison scenes in his mind.

“Before the Taliban torture and insult me ​​in a terrible way, or take a video commitment from me… I prefer to put an end to this life,” he warned, adding that “I think that suicide is the only way to end all this suffering and misery.”

Another journalist who is currently in Pakistan also confirms that he thought of suicide due to mental and psychological problems. She says: “God is a witness to the hardships I experienced in Pakistan, it had ruined my soul and spirit so much that I thought if I committed suicide, I might get rid of these ordeals.”

In the past one month, the Taliban have continuously and systematically prevented the video activities of the media in a number of provinces across the country. After banning photography and filming, this group has now banned five provinces from these activities and announced that this restriction will be gradually applied in all provinces.

The Taliban authorities have informed the local media of the ban on taking pictures and publishing them, as well as banning the video interviews of their officials in Nangarhar province.

Azizullah Mustafa, the deputy governor of the Taliban in Nangarhar has ordered all the local employees that according to the order of the Taliban supreme leader it is forbidden to take pictures of living creatures and publish them, and the media is only allowed to communicate with Taliban officials.

Taliban already banned taking pictures of living creatures in five provinces in Afghanistan

Kandahar, Takhar, Badghis, Helmand and Nangarhar are among the provinces, where taking pictures of living creatures and publishing them, as well as video interviews, are completely prohibited.

The Taliban have closed three radio stations in Khost province during the past month under extensive pressure. “Gharghasht”, “Zheman” and “Long” radios have been blocked by the Taliban and they have resumed their activities after providing a written commitment to comply with the Taliban’s orders.

The Center of Afghan Journalists has already announced that the Taliban have imposed 17 restrictive directives against the media. These restrictions include preventing women from appearing on national radio and television, banning media coverage of demonstrations and civil protests, imposing restrictions on access to information and publishing news and reports, requiring journalists and media to introduce the Taliban regime as the “government of Afghanistan”.

Also, the Taliban have imposed restrictions on interviews with their opponents and critics. They have banned the broadcast of international television programs in Afghanistan and have imposed restrictions on publishing commercials with political, security and social content. In addition, the media have been prohibited from criticizing the work of Taliban officials, and filming, video interviews, and the publication of women’s voices have been prohibited from the media.

Also, it is forbidden to work with the media that have been declared “forbidden” by the Taliban, and in Helmand province, the publication of women’s voices in the local media is completely prohibited. Orders have also been issued to the media to refrain from using “foreign terms”, which refers to the use of “
“Persian words” for university and college. Prohibiting photography and filming in official and informal meetings of local Taliban officials in Kandahar, and banning girls from making phone calls to radios and televisions in Khost province are among the other restrictions imposed by the Taliban on domestic media in Afghanistan.

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MIDDLE EAST

ICC issues arrest warrant for Netanyahu and Gallant on war Crimes charges

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The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, citing war crimes in Gaza.

Despite sanctions and threats from Israel and the United States, the ICC’s decision was based on overwhelming evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against Palestinians. Among the charges, Netanyahu and Gallant were accused of using starvation as a weapon, with the court stating these allegations are founded on “reasonable grounds.”

Israel reportedly employed its intelligence agency, the Mossad, to spy on, hack, pressure, defame, and allegedly threaten senior ICC officials in an effort to obstruct investigations. Although these efforts were partially exposed through the international press and statements from ICC staff, they failed to deter the Court’s proceedings.

The ICC also clarified that it is undeterred by Israel’s non-recognition of the Court’s authority or its rulings.

Additionally, the ICC issued an arrest warrant for Hamas leader Mohammed Diab Ibrahim Al-Masr on related charges.

While this ruling may not immediately halt Israeli military actions in Gaza or reduce U.S. support for Israel, it is likely to deepen divisions among European nations over their stance on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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MIDDLE EAST

Hamas: No hostages-for-prisoners swap deal with Israel unless Gaza war ends

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Khalil al-Hayya, a senior member of the Hamas Political Bureau, announced on Al-Aqsa TV that Hamas had accepted a proposal to form a committee to administer Gaza, with the condition that its operations be entirely local.

In his statement regarding the ongoing Gaza ceasefire talks, al-Hayya said: “An idea has been proposed to establish a committee for the administration of Gaza. This suggestion was made by our Egyptian brothers. We have responded responsibly and positively. We accept this proposal on the condition that the committee will operate in a fully localized manner, overseeing all aspects of daily life in Gaza.”

Earlier this month, representatives from both the Hamas and Fatah movements convened in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss a potential ceasefire and the establishment of this administrative committee.

Commenting on the indirect ceasefire and prisoner exchange negotiations between Hamas and Israel, al-Hayya stated: “There will be no prisoner exchange until the Israeli genocide stops. This is an interconnected equation. We are very clear on this: we want this aggression to end. These attacks must cease before any prisoner exchange can take place.”

Al-Hayya added that Hamas remains ready for a ceasefire agreement but emphasized that Israel must demonstrate genuine willingness to proceed. “We are engaging with mediating countries to advance ceasefire negotiations. However, Netanyahu is hindering progress in these talks for political reasons,” he said.

Since the escalation of violence on October 7, 2023, indirect negotiations between the parties have continued, with countries like Qatar mediating ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreements. Both the United States and Egypt have played supporting roles in these efforts.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has faced criticism domestically and from the international community for failing to secure a prisoner exchange agreement with Hamas. Analysts highlight those additional conditions introduced by Israel, particularly its insistence on maintaining control over the Egypt-Gaza border and the Philadelphi Corridor, have further complicated the negotiations.

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