Europe
Europe weighs defensive options as US designs on Greenland spark sovereignty debate
Debates surrounding the future of Greenland are intensifying across Europe as countries grapple with how to respond to potential US plans to annex the island.
Thus far, European nations have maintained a relatively defensive posture, attempting to appease Washington by offering to take over the defense of “Arctic security.” According to reports from German Foreign Policy, Danish experts believe that if US officials were to simply hoist the American flag in Nuuk, it would suffice; in such a scenario, Denmark would likely withdraw rather than risk a military confrontation.
Scenarios detailing how the US might execute an annexation of Greenland have been under discussion for some time. There is a prevailing consensus that it would be militarily impossible for European forces to defend the island against US power.
Peter Viggo Jakobsen, a professor at the Royal Danish Defence College, believes that it would be enough for “US officials at the consulate in Nuuk to raise the American flag and declare Greenland part of the US.”
In this event, he is certain that “Danish authorities would leave the island rather than risk a military conflict with the US.”
Meanwhile, Mikkel Vedby Rasmussen, a professor of defense studies at the University of Copenhagen, suggests that Washington could broker a deal with “carefully selected Greenlanders” who would then frame the annexation as the “will of the people.”
Should Washington succeed in aligning Greenlandic business interests with its own, it could exercise control over the island in a manner similar to its approach in Venezuela—leveraging mining corporations in Greenland much like oil companies were utilized in the South American nation.
In recent weeks, Danish government agencies and experts have also intensified efforts to convince the Trump administration that a de facto, non-military takeover of Greenland has already been achieved.
They regularly emphasize—including to US media—that the 1951 agreement between Denmark and the US, updated in 2004, grants the US armed forces almost total freedom of action in Greenland. This includes the right to establish, maintain, and operate military bases anywhere on the island at their discretion.
According to a report published Wednesday in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), Washington maintained several military bases in Greenland during the Cold War; today, only the Pituffik Space Base remains, equipped with extensive surveillance technology.
Danish military expert Peter Ernstved Rasmussen notes that if the US wishes to increase its military presence again, the answer will always be yes.
Furthermore, it is suggested that US companies would be granted every convenience regarding the extraction of raw materials. Greenland possesses significant deposits, including rare earth elements. However, the Trump administration has so far rejected these overtures.
Within Europe, opinions differ on how best to respond to declarations of annexation.
In early March, an expert from the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) argued that Trump should not be allowed to get away with such maneuvers. Otherwise, they warned, “NATO will become a sort of protection racket where members pay the mafia boss in the White House not to destroy one of their own provinces.”
According to the author, Trump was a “classic bully” who is quick to threaten violence but fears strength himself. The expert argued that “the key to dealing with bullies” is to resist them and “respond with your own pressure.”
While the ECFR expert argued that “bullies” often “negotiate a deal” when they perceive strength and resolve, they admitted that Europeans were “not yet ready” to take such a stand.
As long as this remains the case, they concluded, “the bully will always have the upper hand.”
The expert further warned that after Greenland, Iceland could become the next victim of Trump’s “annexation fantasies.”
Last weekend, the ECFR issued a similar assessment, stating that Europeans face a choice: they can either accommodate US plans or oppose them.
The authors of the ECFR article acknowledge that both options carry significant costs. “Accommodation” might preserve transatlantic harmony in the short term, but it would reward coercion and demonstrate that “pressure works on Europe.”
On the other hand, resistance would be “politically costly and strategically challenging,” requiring “internal unity” that is currently lacking.
However, according to the ECFR, if Europe surrenders, it will only lead to “further violations and divisions within Europe.”
For the ECFR authors, the issue is not whether Europe can avoid friction with the US, but whether it is “ready to defend its own interests against a challenge from its most powerful ally.”
So far, no statement of “resistance” has emerged from Europe. The clearest response to date came in a statement issued on January 6 by the heads of state and government of seven European nations.
The statement noted that NATO has explicitly identified the Arctic region as a priority and that European allies are consequently increasing their efforts there.
However, it emphasized that this must be done “in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter, including sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the inviolability of borders,” and “collectively with NATO allies, including the US.”
While labeling these “universal principles” and asserting that “we will not stop defending them,” the European states stopped short of detailing specific defense measures or the potential consequences of a US annexation of Greenland.
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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