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Germany pivots industrial base toward defense as automotive sector faces stagnation

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Germany is undergoing a massive industrial transformation into a “weapon factory,” according to an analysis by The Wall Street Journal (WSJ). The report indicates that the country is redirecting its automotive manufacturing prowess toward defense production as Berlin pursues a strategy to establish Germany as the central production hub for the European defense industry.

This strategic pivot is being executed against a backdrop of significant economic challenges, including the longest period of stagnation since World War II, intensifying competition with China in automobile manufacturing, and a decline in global demand for German vehicles.

Government statistics cited in the report show that German industry—including the automotive sector, once the locomotive of the national economy—is shedding approximately 15,000 jobs every month.

Financial data from the nation’s largest automakers underscores the deteriorating state of the sector. Mercedes-Benz saw its 2025 profits fall by 49%, while Volkswagen recorded a 44% decline. Operating profits at Porsche reportedly plummeted by 98% compared to 2024 levels.

As a result, German officials have largely abandoned efforts to revive the traditional industrial model, instead designating the defense sector as the primary driver of future growth. Sources familiar with the matter state that idle production capacities and displaced personnel are being channeled into this new manufacturing segment.

Klaus Rosenfeld, CEO of German bearing manufacturer Schaeffler, announced that the company has already begun diversifying its operations. The firm is now focusing on the production of drone motors, armored vehicle systems, and aerospace equipment. Rosenfeld stated that the company plans to increase the defense division’s share of total turnover to 10%.

The WSJ report also noted that Volkswagen is in negotiations with Israeli companies to produce components for the Iron Dome air defense system by 2027.

Sebastian Schulte, CEO of propulsion system manufacturer Deutz AG, emphasized that the accelerated transformation within the enterprise was triggered by the outbreak of conflict in Ukraine. Schulte noted that the company has begun supplying engines for Patriot systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, and armored vehicles, while simultaneously investing in new defense segments. Thanks to flexible production chains, the company has avoided mass layoffs and achieved a 15% increase in turnover over the past year.

“Our competitive advantage lies in our stable supply chains; systems that work for engines and mining equipment will also work for the defense industry,” Schulte said.

Experts suggest that the combination of surplus industrial capacity, state support, and investment inflows could soon see Germany occupy a pivotal role in the European defense industry.

According to data in the report, approximately 90% of venture capital investment targeting defense technology in Europe is currently flowing toward German companies, strengthening the country’s position in the sector.

In early March, Reuters reported that Rheinmetall, Europe’s largest ammunition manufacturer, has begun converting two factories previously dedicated to automotive parts to focus on military equipment. Similarly, Hensoldt, which produces the TRML-4D radar systems utilized by Ukraine, is reportedly in talks to hire approximately 200 employees from major automotive suppliers such as Bosch and Continental.

Hensoldt CEO Oliver Doerre stated that the company is benefiting from the difficulties facing the automotive industry. He noted that with planned investments, annual production of the TRML-4D radar system could more than double, reaching 25 to 30 units.

Late last year, The Washington Post described Germany as the “primary beneficiary” of Europe’s rearmament process. The publication highlighted that European leaders are intensifying efforts to build independent defense capabilities amid the growing threat from Russia and concerns that the US may distance itself from its role as the continent’s main protector.

The German government approved a plan in August 2025 to increase the current strength of the military. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz expressed that Berlin aims to make its own military a model for the entirety of NATO.

According to a Bloomberg report in July, Germany plans to effectively double its current defense spending, raising the annual budget to 162 billion euros ($189 billion) by 2029.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said these plans align with a trajectory among Western European politicians to “prepare Europe for a war against Russia.”

Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov remarked on the strong militaristic trends in European countries. “They are forcing themselves to increase military budgets. This leads to an overstretching of the economy and will have more serious consequences in the medium term,” Peskov said.

Europe

EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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