Europe
Germany’s ‘Leopard’ test: Allied pressure is increasing
With Christine Lambrecht’s resignation, Boris Pistorius has been appointed as Germany’s Defense Minister, facing pressure from Western allies over Ukraine.
In a statement to the press in Hanover, Pistorius admitted that Federal Germany has ‘indirectly’ become involved in a war and stated that he is aware of the responsibility placed on his shoulders.
The minister said that he would work to strengthen the German armed forces (Bundeswehr) to make it capable of addressing new security challenges, emphasizing that the role of the defense ministry is a major challenge even in peacetime.
Pistorius’s first task: the Leopard Coalition
The most challenging task awaiting the new defense minister is the issue of Berlin’s long-standing reluctance to send Leopard tanks to Kyiv.
After Britain announced that it would provide Challenger 2 tanks to Ukraine, the pressure on Germany intensified.
UK defense secretary Ben Wallace will meet counterparts from Poland and Baltics in a drive to pressure Germany to authorize sending Leopard 2 tanks.
Prior to the meeting on Ukraine to be held tomorrow at the US air base Ramstein in Germany, in a summit planned to be organized in Estonia, it is aimed to ‘encourage’ Germany to provide tanks unless a decision can be reached before Friday.
Ben Wallace referred to the group of countries willing to give the German-made tanks as members of the ‘Leopard coalition’ and urged his ‘German colleagues’ to agree to the re-export.
British Defence Minister Ben Wallace noted a debate about whether tanks were “offensive or defensive weapons” and added, “If you’re using a tank to defend your country, I would wager that it is a defensive weapon system.”
Andrzej Duda, the Polish president, speaking at the Davos World Economic Forum, said Berlin’s approval to allow the re-export of Leopard 2 tanks was ‘very, very, very, very needed.’
Currently, there are reportedly more than 2,300 Leopard 2 tanks available or in storage across Europe.
Pistorius’s second task ahead: Transforming the army
The second of the medium to long-term tasks ahead of Boris Pistorius is more complicated: completing the long-awaited transformation of the Bundeswehr.
Since the start of the war in Ukraine, the issue of a modernized army promised by the leader of the traffic-light coalition, Scholz, has not yet been resolved.
Although Scholz says that they allocated 100 billion euros for the modernization of the military, only $10 billion has so far been committed to in contracts.
Furthermore, German military equipment does not seem to be fit in either military maneuvers or on the actual battlefield in Ukraine. Last December, all 18 Puma infantry combat vehicles suffered problems and were withdrawn from exercises.
Scholz at the Davos: No words about tanks
On the other hand, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s much-anticipated address at the Davos frustrated the countries and actors of the war coalition.
In his one-hour speech, Scholz recorded that they are continuously supplying Ukraine with large quantities of arms with their partners and said that Russia’s aggression must fail in order for the war to end.
Mentioning Germany’s military assistance to Ukraine so far, Scholz avoided committing to the supply of Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine.
Is Scholz waiting for the US?
It is expected that Germany will now take the first step to permit countries having Leopards to re-export. Furthermore, it is a topic on the table that Germany will help Ukraine with maintenance if other countries provide Leopards.
However, Scholz himself is allegedly waiting for the US to send Leopards to Ukraine.
Officials in Berlin appear to be linking Germany’s decision on Leopards to the US sending M1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine.
Another powerful country of the EU, France, is also considering sending its own Leclerc tanks to Ukraine. This move may open the way for Germany and provide Berlin with a joint framework for tank shipments.
Yesterday, the European Parliament passed a non-binding resolution urging Scholz to form an international coalition for sending Leopards ‘without further delay.’
Greens stand out for Leopards
On the other hand, insider pressure on Scholz is coming from the Greens, the most pro-war member of the traffic-light coalition in Berlin, to give the Leopard tanks to Ukraine.
Kyiv mayor Vitali Klitschko, a former boxer, said on his Telegram account he had held talks with German Vice-Chancellor and Economy Minister Robert Habeck in Davos.
Noting that they discussed the transfer of weapons, Klitschko heralded, ‘Positive decisions have been made. Good news coming soon.’
German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock from the Greens said that she hopes Friday’s Ramstein meeting will ‘set in motion decisions that will help Ukraine liberate more people.’
The main opposition party in Germany, Christian Democrats, on the other hand, also believe that Germany should take a leading role in Europe, delivering Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine.
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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