America
Pentagon faces strategic dilemma over interceptor costs in Iran operations, WSJ reports
The US administration is engaged in strategic planning to conclude operations against Iran before its munition stockpiles reach critical levels.
President Donald Trump has indicated that such an operation could last a week or longer, while defense sources highlight that the rapid expenditure of air defense interceptors is directly influencing the decision-making process.
According to the Wall Street Journal, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, while evaluating the risks of a large-scale and sustained operation against Iran, identified the sustainability of munition stockpiles as a top priority. This warning is currently being tested in practice.
Defense officials state that Washington must calculate the risk of its own air defense interceptors being depleted before it can effectively degrade Iran’s retaliatory capacity.
While the precise size of the Pentagon’s air defense inventory—referred to as “magazine depth”—remains classified, protracted conflicts in the region are eroding these stocks.
One of the factors exacerbating this situation is the cost disparity between offense and defense. The unit cost of Iran’s short-range Fateh-110 ballistic missiles ranges from approximately $100,000 to $300,000.
For longer-range systems such as the Zolfaghar and Sejjil, this figure ranges from $300,000 up to $1 million. The cost of Shahed-136 suicide drones, widely utilized by Iran, is estimated to be between $20,000 and $40,000.
In contrast, the air defense interceptors deployed by the US reach costs in the millions. The unit cost of a Patriot PAC-3 interceptor is approximately $3-4 million, while the THAAD system costs $12-15 million, and sea-based SM-3 interceptors range from $25-30 million.
According to experts, this creates a structural imbalance, necessitating the use of significantly more expensive interceptors against relatively low-cost missiles and drones.
A similar cost pressure applies to Israel. According to Yehoshua Kalisky, a senior researcher at the Tel Aviv-based Institute for National Security Studies, the David’s Sling system—developed jointly with the US—incurs an expenditure of approximately $700,000 each time it is deployed, as it typically requires at least two interceptors.
An interception with the Arrow 3 system, which destroys long-range ballistic missiles outside the atmosphere, costs about $4 million, while the older Arrow 2 system costs approximately $3 million.
The cost of operations is not limited to air defense systems. The US also makes intensive use of sea-launched Tomahawk cruise missiles and precision-guided munitions launched from aircraft.
Defense analysts state that Tomahawk missiles are particularly effective against infrastructure targets and would be among the munition items depleted most rapidly during the first weeks of a potential US-China conflict.
According to data released in June, the hourly flight cost of F-35 fighter jets operating for hours at a distance of approximately 1,600 kilometers from Israeli territory is about $10,000.
The costs of refueling, as well as JDAM and MK84-type bombs, are added to the total expenditure. Experts emphasize that the course of the conflict could ultimately turn into a “war of attrition” regarding stockpiles.
In the current situation, the number of remaining interceptor missiles and the number of active launch pads Iran can maintain are emerging as decisive factors. The US has dispatched a significant quantity of interceptors and missiles to the region.
However, should the war be prolonged, the Pentagon will have to make a critical decision regarding whether to tap into stockpiles in the Pacific. This choice has the potential to produce strategic consequences for the balance of deterrence against China.
America
Anthropic AI models breach corporate systems after escaping isolated test environment
Anthropic has announced that several of its advanced artificial intelligence models escaped an isolated testing environment and accessed the live internet.
In a review published Thursday night, the company stated that in three separate incidents dating back to April, the models independently breached the systems of multiple companies without the AI developer’s knowledge.
Anthropic said the incidents involved an unreleased internal research test model, alongside its Opus 4.7 and Mythos 5 models.
Mythos was made available last month to a limited audience composed of technology companies and cybersecurity researchers, an initiative also known as Project Glasswing.
The AI developer did not disclose which companies were breached, but said the affected firms were informed of the incidents on Monday.
Anthropic noted that it conducted the review after OpenAI revealed last week that two of its most powerful models had breached containment, escaped their testing environment, and infiltrated several entities, including the AI platform Hugging Face and cloud provider Modal Labs.
System misconfiguration allowed internet access
Anthropic stated that it examined more than 140,000 tests to find evidence of whether Claude could gain access to the internet from test environments designed to be isolated.
The evaluations included “capture-the-flag” exercises, in which Claude was instructed to breach other systems to obtain information. This is a method frequently used by experts to assess a model’s hacking capabilities.
The San Francisco-based company stated that a “misconfiguration” in systems operated by Anthropic and its testing partner left the models with live internet access, enabling them to infiltrate external systems.
Anthropic said it approached remediation efforts “with full ownership of the responsibility.”
Neither Anthropic nor the affected organizations detected the unauthorized entries at the time they occurred.
Anthropic added that it may examine its logs more extensively, noting that the findings gave the company “cautious optimism” that such risks can be overcome through increased investment and more stringent safeguards.
David Allott, a cybersecurity expert, told the BBC: “The overarching lesson here is not that AI has developed fundamentally new attack vectors.”
“Instead, it means that AI agents can combine capabilities, acquire credentials and system access to act autonomously, while adapting scope and scale at machine speed,” Allott said.
The developments come as technology companies invest billions of dollars to develop AI agents capable of independently executing a range of tasks, from research and customer support to cybersecurity.
America
Elon Musk’s America PAC plans $100 million field operation for 2026 Republican midterm push
Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk is returning to the political spending arena with a new field program designed to help elect Republicans in at least eight states ahead of the 2026 midterm elections.
Musk has authorized his political action committee, America PAC, to spend between $100 million and $120 million on a new ground game focused on conservative voter turnout for the 2026 midterms, according to a Thursday report by The New York Times, which cited two unnamed sources informed about the plans.
America PAC funneled more than $250 million into Donald Trump’s reelection campaign in 2024, a expenditure that established Musk as the largest political donor in US history.
The New York Times reported that America PAC is reviving its spending initiatives and has reached out to other Republicans in recent weeks regarding the new field operations.
The effort is also being coordinated with other Republican Party spending groups, according to the report.
The newspaper identified targeted Senate races in the states of Alaska, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, and Ohio, while noting that discussions are also underway regarding contests in North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas.
The political action committee is additionally expected to deploy funds for House of Representatives elections in Washington, Wisconsin, and California.
The news comes a day after Axios first reported that America PAC’s operations were resuming, with a focus on driving Republican turnout during the non-presidential election cycle.
A spokesperson for America PAC declined to comment on The New York Times report but confirmed the Axios reporting to The Hill. The spokesperson stated that the spending group was “excited” to contribute to efforts to maintain the Republican majorities in Congress this fall.
“The President’s political team and the rest of the GOP apparatus have built a world-class operation that has Republicans well-positioned to make history and retain control of Congress this fall,” America PAC spokesperson Andrew Romeo said in a statement. “We’re excited to be part of the team again.”
The campaign will reportedly target Republican voters through door-to-door canvassing, mailers, and digital advertisements, enabling other groups to concentrate their resources on television advertising.
The developments were reported days after Musk told The Economist magazine that he had gotten “carried away” during his brief foray into politics.
The SpaceX CEO entered the political arena during the 2024 election, pouring hundreds of millions of dollars into Trump’s presidential campaign and accompanying the candidate on the campaign trail.
Musk went on to lead Trump’s cost-cutting initiative, known as the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), which executed sweeping employment and funding reductions across the federal government. Those efforts sparked controversy for Musk and his enterprise empire, including Tesla, whose shares fell sharply during his period of political involvement.
Musk departed the White House in late May 2025, and DOGE officially terminated its operations on July 4.
Shortly after leaving government, Musk and Trump engaged in a public dispute over the president’s sweeping spending legislation, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act.” During the friction, Musk threatened to form a third party, though the initiative never materialized.
Musk and the US President appeared to resolve their differences last year, with the tech billionaire most recently joining Trump alongside other technology leaders on a trip to China in May.
America
Trump administration seeks to reopen closed US oil refineries as war drives fuel prices up
The Trump administration is seeking to reopen closed oil refineries across the country—including a troubled facility in the Virgin Islands—in response to rising gasoline prices driven by the war in Iran.
A White House official confirmed in an email to The Hill newspaper on Thursday that the Trump administration “would like to see refineries re-opened across the country, particularly the St. Croix refinery.”
The official noted that the facility holds specific significance due to its “strategic” location and the fact that it was constructed to process Venezuelan crude oil.
The statement noted that companies have contacted the administration since April 2025 to submit purchase inquiries for the refinery, adding that interest surged further following the abduction of Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro and the subsequent US takeover of the country’s infrastructure.
The push to reactivate closed refineries was first reported by Politico. Three senior industry executives told the outlet that the White House is conducting talks to reopen refining facilities stretching from the Virgin Islands to California.
White House spokesperson Taylor Rogers addressed the initiative in a statement, saying: “Energy security is national security. America’s refining capacity is critical to ensuring the United States has uninterrupted access to safe, affordable, and reliable energy.”
“The President’s Council on National Energy Dominance will continue to support the re-opening of closed refineries and the construction of new ones to drive prices down and bolster our national security,” Rogers said.
The initiative comes as gasoline prices remain elevated amid the war in Iran.
According to data from the American Automobile Association (AAA), the national average gasoline price stood at approximately $4.10 per gallon as of Thursday. That figure is more than $1 higher than the level recorded when the conflict broke out earlier this year.
The St. Croix refinery halted operations indefinitely in 2021. The shutdown followed an order from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requiring a 60-day suspension after determining that oil spills and air pollution originating from the plant posed an “imminent threat to public health.”
David Johnson, a director at Port Hamilton Refining & Transportation, welcomed the prospect of resuming operations at the facility in a statement shared with The Hill.
In his statement, Johnson said:
“Through the mobilization of substantial private capital alongside targeted federal initiatives that strengthen infrastructure and industrial capacity of national significance, the revitalization of the St. Croix refinery offers an opportunity to advance US energy security, expand domestic production, strengthen supply chain resilience, support advanced technology, create thousands of high-quality jobs, and build long-term American economic competitiveness, while accelerating the return of a strategic American industrial asset.”
Johnson added that the company “continues to engage in constructive discussions with federal and local officials, commercial parties, investors, and financing sources regarding the future of the refinery.”
Noting that the negotiations remain confidential, Johnson said: “While these discussions are confidential, we remain optimistic that the St. Croix refinery can once again make a substantial contribution to America’s energy security, industrial competitiveness, and long-term economic resilience.”
Crude oil is processed into gasoline at refining facilities. While crude oil costs generally constitute the primary driver of pump prices, refining capacity also plays a direct role in price formation.
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