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Stoltenberg on the Arctic: Strategic for NATO

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NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg will visit Canada and Canadian Arctic with an agenda for Ukraine, climate change, and Arctic defence. The tour is particularly noteworthy as it represents the first visit by a NATO secretary general to the Canadian Arctic since NATO was founded in 1949.

Canada, the second largest border state in the region after Russia, has long opposed NATO involvement in the Arctic, which included even vetoing a statement on the Alliance’s role in the Arctic during a major summit in 2009. There are various opinions on the reasons why. There are those who are concerned about militarizing the Arctic and provoking Russia, as well as those who do not want non-North Alliance members such as Italy and Spain to have a say in the Arctic. But Canada wants to preserve its essentially exclusive economic territory. Moreover, the sea ice has been melting in the Northwest passage through Canadian Arctic due to climate change, and it will potentially be fully open and navigable by 2040. This means changes in routes and marine traffic in international waters. There are those who do not want to share this advantage, as well as those who argue that this will create new security requirements and thus increase the need for the Alliance.

However, the US is trying to completely change Canada’s attitude by using the Ukrainian war and the existence of Russia and China as an excuse. 

Andrea Charron, an expert on North American security at the University of Manitoba, spoke to Canadian press about Stoltenberg’s visit: “It’s more of a sign of continued solidarity between NATO’s members as opposed to an actual signal that they are opening the door to NATO exercises in the Canadian Arctic.”

For some, the visit represents an easing of past reluctance to work with NATO on the Arctic.

NATO seeks to improve its defence against China and Russia in North America and expand its position in the Arctic. Finland and Sweden’s integration into NATO is also important in the Arctic context.

‘Russia and China Threats’

Just before his visit to Canada, the NATO Secretary General wrote an article underlining the Alliance’s Arctic defence policy.

Stoltenberg underlined the region’s strategic importance for Euro-Atlantic security and noted that the shortest path to North America for Russian missiles would be over the North Pole.

Stoltenberg stressed that the North Pole will be rapidly ice-free due to climate change, and this will unlock opportunities for shipping routes, natural resources, and economic development, also pointed out Russia and China for increasing the risk of tension.

Stoltenberg note that Russia has significantly increased its military activities in recent years and set up a new Arctic Command, describing Russia’s activities as a “strategic challenge” to the Alliance.

China has declared itself as a ‘near-Arctic state’ and “is expanding its reach by planning a “Polar Silk Road” linking Beijing to Europe via the Arctic, it is rapidly strengthening its navy, with plans to build the world’s biggest icebreaker vessel. China is also investing tens of billions of dollars in energy, infrastructure and research projects in the region” told the NATO Secretary General.

“Earlier this year, Beijing and Moscow pledged to intensify practical co-operation in the Arctic, as part of a deepening strategic partnership that challenges our values and interests,” Stoltenberg said, citing Beijing and Moscow’s collaboration.

‘Finland and Sweden’s membership is critical for the region’

Describing the Arctic as the “the gateway to the North Atlantic, hosting vital trade, transport and communication links between North America and Europe” Stoltenberg said: “Once Finland and Sweden join the Alliance, seven out of the eight Arctic states (Russia, the United States, Denmark, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland) will be members of NATO. Finland and Sweden’s membership will significantly enhance our posture in the High North and our ability to reinforce our Baltic Allies.”

Arctic geopolitics appears to be at the heart of Sweden’s and Finland’s insistence on NATO membership.

Stoltenberg signs that NATO will secure and militarize the Arctic region, citing it as one of the key areas of competition with China and Russia. NATO, which declared China and Russia a threat at the ‘historic summit’ in Madrid, considers the cooperation of both countries a threat to their interests. In his article, Stoltenberg highlights Beijing-Moscow cooperation in the Arctic, presenting the Alliance to North America as a security need for the Arctic.

Time will tell whether Canada, which has so far opposed the Arctic becoming a NATO agenda, will resist this further after NATO Secretary General’s visit.

Geopolitics of the Arctic

Increasing interest in the Arctic basin stems from the potential for new hydrocarbon and mineral reserves, sea transport routes and fishing in the region soon as glaciers melt due to climate change.

The United States, which stands out with its 48 trillion cubic meters of natural gas and 90 billion barrels of oil reserves, also sees the region as geostrategic in terms of surrounding Russia. By contrast, a new maritime doctrine signed by Putin explicitly challenges Russia being surrounded through the Arctic Ocean. Pointing out that the Arctic waters are a concern of Russia’s national interests in the new doctrine, Putin emphasized that “We will ensure their [Arctic waters] protection firmly and by all means”. The northern route began to gain importance as part of Beijing’s “New Silk Road” project. Because the opening of the Arctic due to melting glaciers will dramatically shorten the distance between Asia and Europe and create new commercial opportunities for China.

With its location and energy resources, the Arctic region is likely to become more prominent as one of the new areas of competition between NATO and Russia-China forces.

AMERICA

Will Biden withdraw?

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The debate that began after US President Joe Biden’s poor performance in the televised debate against Donald Trump, his rival in the November election, is growing.
Amid growing calls for him to withdraw from the race, Biden held a meeting with his campaign team, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and Democratic governors.

According to Politico, the president, who met with the DNC and his campaign team via Zoom, said he was in the race for the long haul, despite reports that he had privately admitted to allies that his candidacy was shaky.

He also acknowledged that the days since his debate with former President Donald Trump last week had been “damaging,” according to two people present at the meeting who requested anonymity to discuss the sensitive topic.
Biden said in the Zoom interview: “Let me say this as clearly as I can, as simply as I can: I am staying. Nobody is pushing me out. I am not leaving. I am in this race to the end and we are going to win,” he said.

Vice President Kamala Harris, who has recently come to the fore as Democrats focus on her as a possible running mate, sat next to Biden on the video call.

Harris said in the meeting: “We will not back down. We will follow the path of our president. We will fight and we will win,” Harris said.

The President thanked everyone who worked on his campaign and reminded them of what was at stake. Biden said: “There is no one I would rather be with in this fight than all of you. So let’s link arms. Let’s finish this job. You, me, the vice president. Together,” he said.

Biden also called congressional Democratic leaders earlier on Wednesday and met with Democratic governors in the evening. Some of the governors travelled from across the country to attend the meeting in person, rather than virtually.

Governors endorse Biden

Democratic governors threw their support behind Joe Biden after talks at the White House, despite a series of poor polls for the president and calls from some members of Congress for him to withdraw from the US presidential race.

Biden, who met with more than 20 influential governors, tried to convince them that he was committed to his re-election campaign.

Three governors emerged from the White House insisting that they had full confidence in the president. “The governors are behind him,” said Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, adding that Biden was “fit for the job”.

“The president has continued to tell us and show us everything,” said Maryland Governor Wes Moore, while New York Governor Kathy Hochul added: “President Joe Biden is in this to win.”

Others at the meeting included Gavin Newsom of California, Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan and JB Pritzker of Illinois.

Newsom later posted on X: “I heard four words from the President tonight: he’s fully on board. And so am I. Joe Biden has our support. Now it’s his turn,” he said.
Among the leaked information is that Biden told the governors he met with that he had “had a checkup”.

Congressional Democrats’ letter of withdrawal

According to a report in the Financial Times (FT), a group of moderate Democratic House members with a focus on national security have drafted a letter calling on Biden to withdraw from the race.

Bloomberg first reported that dozens of Democratic members of Congress were privately considering signing a letter urging Biden to step aside.

At the same time, Arizona Democratic Congressman Raúl Grijalva on Wednesday became the second member of the House of Representatives to publicly call for Biden to suspend his re-election bid.

Grijalva told the New York Times, “This is an opportunity to look elsewhere. What [Biden] needs to do is take responsibility … part of that responsibility is to withdraw from the race,” Grijalva told the New York Times.

Democratic Congressman Seth Moulton of Massachusetts also issued his own statement, saying he had “serious concerns” about Biden’s ability to defeat Trump.

Some donors have also given up on Biden

As the cauldron within the Democratic Party continues to boil, some of Biden’s campaign donors have begun to speak out.

Damon Lindelof, who has been a major donor to Democrats for years, including the campaigns of Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden, became the first high-profile donor to raise a kettle against Biden.

“I have been a lifelong Democrat and I love my complex, glorious country. I’m not writing this anonymously because I’m asking others in positions of influence to do the same. I don’t know if what I have to say matters, but I know what my eyes, ears and heart tell me. I’ve been asleep at the wheel, and it’s time to wake up,” Lindelof said.

According to Axios, “concerned Democratic donors” grilled Biden campaign officials in a Zoom call on Monday, pressing Biden’s team on how to deal with new concerns about his fitness for office.

According to Axios, the donors’ questions revealed deep doubts within the Democratic Party about whether Biden has the stamina, skill and substance to go head-to-head with former President Trump over the next four months, defeat him on November 5 and serve another four-year term.

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AMERICA

Coup attempt foiled in Bolivia

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Armoured vehicles broke through the gates of the government palace in Bolivia on Wednesday in an attempted coup against President Luis Arce.

The coup attempt failed when Arce’s supporters and trade unions took to the streets against the coup and Arce refused to surrender.

Supporters of the president took to the streets with Bolivian flags and the troops withdrew from the presidential palace. At the same time, Arce appointed a new army commander who ordered the troops to withdraw.

The Bolivian leader said: ‘Here we are, standing firm in Casa Grande to resist any coup attempt. We need the organisation of the Bolivian people,” said the Bolivian leader.

In a video broadcast on Bolivian television, Arce confronted Juan José Zúñiga, the army commander believed to be leading the rebellion, in the corridor of the palace. “I am your leader and I order you to withdraw your troops and I will not tolerate this disobedience,” Arce is heard saying.

Putschist Zúñiga’s hesitation leads to defeat

“Of course there will soon be a new council of ministers, our country, our state cannot continue like this,” Zúñiga told reporters in the square before entering the government building, but said that “for the time being” he recognised Arce as commander-in-chief.

Zúñiga did not explicitly say he was leading a coup, but said at the palace that the military was trying to “restore democracy and free political prisoners”.

Arce, for his part, called for “respect for democracy” in a message posted on his X account. “We cannot allow coup attempts to take the lives of Bolivians again,” Arce said from inside the palace, surrounded by government officials, in a video message sent to news agencies.

An hour later, to cheers from supporters, Arce announced the new heads of the army, navy and air force. The video showed soldiers setting up barricades outside the government palace.

“I order all those who are mobilised to return to their units. No one wants the images we see on the streets,” said newly appointed army commander José Wilson Sánchez.

Putschist general accuses Arce of ‘orchestrating coup’

Zúñiga was taken into custody after the Bolivian Attorney General’s Office issued an arrest warrant for General Zúñiga.

At the time of his arrest, the officer accused Luis Arce of orchestrating a coup attempt to “increase his popularity”.

At the time of his arrest, Zúñiga said: “I met with the president on Sunday at the La Salle school, and the president told me: ‘The situation is terrible, this week is going to be critical. So I must prepare something to increase my popularity,'” Zúñiga is reported to have said.

The general went on to describe his alleged conversation with Arce, claiming that when he asked Arce “if they should remove the armoured vehicles”, Arce replied in the affirmative. According to Zúñiga, military vehicles were mobilised that night and preparations began.

Before his arrest, Zúñiga claimed that this was a “self-coup”.

Local media reported that the general would be charged with terrorism and armed rebellion against the security and sovereignty of the state.

The authorities later announced the arrest of a second person implicated in Wednesday’s events, Juan Arnez Salvador, former commander of the Bolivian navy.

The US is ‘closely monitoring the situation’

Following the coup attempt, Latin American and Caribbean countries such as Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, Chile and Honduras also expressed their support for Arce.

The United States, on the other hand, said only that it was “closely monitoring the situation”.

Earlier this week, Bolivian government sources warned that a US-backed coup was being prepared.

Morales-Arce rivalry in the ruling MAS party?

In addition to economic problems, Bolivia has been rocked for some time by rifts at the highest levels of the ruling party.

Arce and his former ally, former president Evo Morales, are fighting over the future of the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) ahead of elections in 2025.

Zuniga was ousted on Monday after appearing on television and saying he would arrest Morales if he ran again next year.

Laws limiting presidential terms do not allow Morales to run again.

In several public statements, Arce had claimed that he was the target of a “soft coup” aimed at “shortening his term” and that Morales’ supporters were behind it.

The former president, for his part, has said that Arce is trying to undermine his desire to run for president again by taking over the leadership of the MAS.

Bolivia is also facing a severe economic crisis due to fuel and foreign currency shortages. Arce blamed Morales for unions taking to the streets in response.

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AMERICA

A ‘new McCarthyism’ in the US: Pro-Palestinian university professors lose their jobs

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As police crackdowns in the US target pro-Palestinian student protests on campus, university administrators are cutting ties with pro-Palestinian faculty members.

Since the beginning of the Israeli invasion of Gaza, academics in politics, sociology, Japanese literature, public health, Latin American and Caribbean studies, Middle Eastern and African studies, mathematics, education and many other fields have been fired or suspended for their pro-Palestinian and anti-Israeli rhetoric.

According to The Intercept, there is no official data on the number of academics who have lost their jobs or been suspended for supporting Palestine, largely because higher education in the country is fragmented, often privatised and based on short-term contracts.

In general, professors who have lost their jobs and been suspended over Palestine have brought these allegations to public attention by making them themselves. A large number of academics across the country are likely to be investigated, and many will see their contracts quietly expire without renewal.

The Intercept spoke to more than ten professors, both adjunct and tenured, whose jobs have been threatened because of their pro-Palestinian views. All of the professors the publication spoke to have been investigated at some point since 7 October, and some of the investigations have been closed with no evidence of wrongdoing.

Several have received varying degrees of suspension, and four of the professors have lost their jobs or face losing them next week when the semester ends without renewal of their contracts.

“A large number of our investigations, even lawsuits, involve due process violations related to non-reappointment, dismissal, tenure, and the like,” said Anita Levy, senior programme officer for the American Association of University Professors.

Levy said the non-profit organisation, which advocates for faculty rights and academic freedom, has filed five cases in recent months related to pro-Palestinian speech.

“It is unusual to file five or six cases in a two-month period when social media posts about a current event, such as the war in Gaza, are suspended,” Levy said. None of the cases we filed were related to pro-Israel rhetoric. They were all in support of the Palestinian cause,” he said.

Levy said the US was at the beginning of a “new McCarthyism”, noting that what had happened “could be the tip of the iceberg”.

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