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Taliban supreme leader orders Sharia law punishments in Afghanistan

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Taliban supreme leader Sheikh Haibatullah Akhundzada has ordered judges to fully enforce aspects of Islamic law (Sharia law) that include public executions, stoning and floggings as well as amputation of limbs for thieves. The law is also applicable to punishments for crimes including kidnapping, robberies and sedition.

The “obligatory command” was made after Akhundzada met with the secretive leader, religious scholars, judges and heads of court in Kandahar city. During the talks, Akhundzada ordered the judges and heads of the courts to award Sharia punishments in cases that fulfilled all “Sharia” conditions.

The supreme leader also recommended that the cases of robbers, kidnappers and seditionists should be carefully and thoroughly investigated and the criminals must be punished according to the Sharia, insisting on all provisions of Sharia law be implemented. It is worth mentioning that since Taliban takeover of power on August 15 2021, no one has been punished under Sharia law, but in some provinces, some convicts were awarded 30 lashes each.

Akhundzada has not been filmed yet

Akhundzada, who has not been filmed or photographed in public since the Taliban returned to power in August last year, had just visited Kabul once during a Loya Jirga and went back to the Kandahar province. There is only one photo of him available in the media.

In July this year, Akhunzada attended a major gathering of religious leaders and elders in Kabul and briefed over 3,000 participants. When he suddenly entered the event, cheers and chants, including “Long Live” to the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan were heard. The program was broadcasted on state radio, and once again no one was able to see his face.

During his speech, he said that the success of the Afghan jihad is not only a source of pride for Afghans but also for Muslims all over the world.

Taliban promised to rule more moderately

Last time when the Taliban ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, they had implemented Sharia law which included violent punishments such as public executions, stoning, floggings and amputations. But within the 1400-year tradition of Sharia, there have been hardly any Islamic countries to implement the law the way the Taliban do.

Indeed, the Taliban have a particular approach to Sharia, and no one can deny this. The question is whether the Taliban are on the right path on Sharia. A topic that itself needs a detailed academic discussion. In the history of Islam, fewer hands were chopped off, and less people stoned to death, and many scholars argue that Sharia law has many aspects to be investigated before its execution. Anyways, this topic is not the point of discussions here now.

Taliban after seizing power last August, has attempted to project a more moderate image likely to gain international support, but it has been for months now that the Taliban has clamped down on rights and freedom.

Women activities are more restricted

Women in Afghanistan can no longer work in most sectors and require a male guardian for long-distance travel, and the girls have been barred from secondary schools for one year now. Just last week, women were stopped from entering amusement parks in Kabul, and they were also banned from going to gyms and public baths. Women have already lost their jobs in government offices and it seems the Taliban are squeezing women out of public life.

This photograph, taken on November 9, 2022, shows a poster (R) reading in Pashto, ‘Dear sisters! Hijab and veil are your dignity and are in your benefit in this world and in the hereafter,’ at the Habibullah Zazai Park on the outskirts of Kabul. (AFP)

“There were male trainers in gyms across Kabul city, we decided to close it until they get a female trainer,” a Taliban official at the Ministry for the Prevention of Vice and Promotion of Virtue told Harici.

He said that the Taliban is committed to women’s rights, but there are some issues which are in contrast to the Islamic teachings.

“Women can protest; you see there are many protests now in Kabul. We treat them very well until they don’t cross their limit. What was the need to burn headscarf? Some women may not like headscarves but many others love to wear a proper headscarf and no one has the right to disrespect them,” the official anonymously told Harici.

From the outset, the Taliban said issues such as the media and women’s rights would be respected according to “Islamic law”, but had not provided details of what that would mean in practice.

What is Sharia, explanation requires knowledge

Sharia is Islam’s legal system and it has derived from the Holy Quran as well as the Sunnah and Hadith of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). Hadith means the saying of Mohammad (PBUH) and the word Sharia, which is in Arabic, means “the clear, well-trodden path to water.” Sharia could also translate as code for living, where it helps the Muslims to lead every aspect of their lives accordingly.

One interpretation of Sharia could afford women extensive rights, while another could leave women with few, and there is no clear explanation as to what kind of Sharia law the Taliban will follow. Indeed, Muslims have only one book (Quran) and one Prophet, but Sharia law in Saudi Arabia is much different from Iran, the same applies in Afghanistan compared to Indonesia.

Banning women from workplaces and girls from going to school is very much difficult to explain in the eyes of Sharia law. Many Afghan clerics, including some of the Taliban top members, called on the Taliban to immediately reopen schools for girls. The official said that education is obligatory on both man and women according to Islam. With this, the interpretations of Sharia are a matter of debate not only in Afghanistan but in all Islamic worlds.

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Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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