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US Congress passes landmark crypto legislation with bipartisan support

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The US House of Representatives has overwhelmingly passed the first major legal reform for cryptocurrency regulations.

A bill that will introduce new rules for stablecoins has been sent to the president’s desk, and crypto companies have achieved a historic lobbying victory.

House members passed the GENIUS Act, which had already passed the Senate, with a vote of 308 to 122. More than 100 Democrats, including Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, joined Republicans to approve a measure that will help legitimize digital assets as mainstream financial products.

The law will regulate stablecoins and tokens pegged to assets like the US dollar and pave the way for banks to launch their own digital assets.

The House of Representatives also passed a second, much more comprehensive crypto market structure bill with a vote of 294 to 134, which will now go to the Senate.

78 Democrats voted with Republicans to advance the bill, known as the CLARITY Act. This was a victory showing bipartisan support that exceeded expectations and surpassed the number of votes a similar bill received in the House last year.

This law also tasks the Securities and Exchange Commission with determining whether an asset is considered a security.

Banks are preparing for digital assets

US banks are openly expressing their interest in entering the digital asset space.

JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon said this week that his bank “will be involved in both JPMorgan deposit coins and stablecoins.”

Citi CEO Jane Fraser stated on Tuesday that the Wall Street bank is “enthusiastic” about the GENIUS Act.

“We really welcome the administration’s willingness to allow banks to enter the digital asset space more easily. Until now, it has been difficult for us to compete on a level playing field,” Fraser said.

Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan also mentioned the bank’s desire to offer stablecoin payments but noted that uncertainty remains about how much demand there will be for digital tokens.

Republican-Democrat collaboration on digital assets

Jeffries voted against the market structure proposal, which would create a larger, industry-friendly regulatory framework for digital assets, but the proposal received support from many other prominent Democrats, including former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Democratic Caucus Chair Pete Aguilar.

The strong Democratic support for the industry-backed crypto bills came despite Representative Maxine Waters of California, the top Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee, saying the bill posed a risk to financial stability and would allow President Donald Trump to engage in corruption.

Waters and other Democrats pointed to the Trump family’s business connections in the crypto sector, demanding that presidential ethics provisions be added to the bills.

Trump and his sons have stakes in various crypto ventures, including a company they founded last year that issues stablecoins and could benefit from the GENIUS bill, which is now awaiting the president’s signature.

However, a growing faction of the party has joined Republicans in supporting the digital asset industry’s Washington agenda. This is a sign of the rise of crypto companies as a political force.

Companies in the crypto sector have spent hundreds of millions of dollars to gain influence, and the massive funds of super PACs are preparing to target members of Congress who stand in the way of the industry’s goals.

The House also passed a third, more partisan measure that would ban a central bank digital currency.

The vote was a major victory for Republicans who have been pushing for industry-friendly crypto rules for years. Financial Services Committee Chairman French Hill, a leader of these efforts, also voted in favor.

Retirement system doors opening wide for capital

In addition, the Trump administration is preparing to open the $9 trillion US retirement market to cryptocurrency investments, gold, and private equity in a move that will lead to a radical change in how Americans’ savings are managed.

According to three people familiar with the president’s plans who spoke to the Financial Times (FT), Trump is expected to sign a presidential executive order this week that will open 401k plans to alternative investments beyond traditional stocks and bonds.

These investments will cover a wide range of asset classes, from digital assets and metals to funds focused on corporate takeovers, private loans, and infrastructure deals.

These individuals said the executive order will instruct regulatory agencies in Washington to investigate the remaining barriers to including such alternative investments in professionally managed funds used by 401k savers.

The White House told the FT, “President Trump is determined to restore the prosperity of ordinary Americans and protect their economic future. But no decision should be considered official unless it comes from President Trump himself.”

In the US, 401k plans are one of the most popular ways for working Americans to save for retirement, allowing them to invest a portion of their salary in publicly traded securities on a tax-deferred basis.

However, almost all of these investments are in publicly traded stock and bond mutual funds.

The executive order will accelerate efforts to mainstream crypto investments, following the Trump administration’s lifting of significant sanctions against major digital asset trading groups.

Private equity groups lobby for access to retirement savings

The Trump administration had already begun to relax rules regarding the use of cryptocurrency in retirement accounts.

In May, the Department of Labor rescinded a Biden-era practice that discouraged 401k plan managers from including cryptocurrency investment options.

Beyond cryptocurrencies, Trump’s executive order will help the world’s largest private equity groups, such as Blackstone, Apollo, and BlackRock, which have tied much of their future growth to investing money on behalf of ordinary retirement savers.

The regulation will ask the Department of Labor to consider creating a safe harbor for retirement plan managers. This will minimize the legal risks for managers who offer savers private investments that charge higher fees and are not as easily valued or traded as public stocks.

Apollo, BlackRock, Blackstone: Partnerships for retirement funds begin

Private equity groups like Blackstone and Apollo anticipate that gaining access to 401k retirement plans could attract hundreds of billions of dollars in new industry assets and have begun forming partnerships with major asset managers.

Blackstone has signed a partnership agreement with Vanguard, while Apollo and Partners Group are among the companies that will offer investments to Empower, a major 401k plan sponsor. BlackRock has started working with Great Gray Trust, a third-party administrator of retirement savings plans.

The opening of the 401k market to private equity comes at a time when the industry has been struggling in recent years to raise new funds from institutional investors such as pension funds and endowments.

However, the effort to steer savings plans toward less liquid private assets also brings risks, such as less transparency in fund asset valuation, as well as higher fees and overall leverage.

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Trump energy shares rose by up to $4.4m during Iran war, CNBC reports

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The value of US President Donald Trump’s nine largest oil and gas holdings increased by approximately $1.5 million to $4.4 million during the first six months of the war with Iran.

According to an analysis conducted by CNBC based on the American leader’s financial disclosure, corporate balance sheets, and FactSet market data, the investment basket includes shares in Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Kinder Morgan, Marathon Petroleum, Occidental Petroleum, Phillips 66, Valero Energy, and Williams Companies.

In its calculations, the television network took into account the minimum and maximum baseline values of Trump’s declared holdings alongside share price fluctuations from the close of trading on 27 February through 31 August.

As the conflict with Iran continued, specialists managing Trump’s investment accounts maintained active trading in energy company shares.

Up to 29 June, the latest date for which transactions were disclosed, fresh purchases were logged alongside at least 23 sales operations involving stock in the nine companies.

Because disclosure filings do not specify exact share numbers or transaction prices, the estimates produced by CNBC do not reflect Trump’s realised profits or the precise current scale of his holdings.

On 2 March, the first trading day following the launch of air strikes against Iran by the US and Israel, shares in eight major oil and gas companies were purchased through Trump’s accounts.

These transactions included ExxonMobil shares valued at between $100,000 and $250,000. Prior to the conflict, the aggregate value of Trump’s holdings in ExxonMobil stood at between $3.2 million and $12.5 million.

Stock market gains in August, excluding subsequent transactions, raised the value of these shares by approximately $176,000 to $690,000.

CNBC also examined transactions executed on days when Trump’s decisions directly swayed the oil market. On 23 March, when the president deferred planned strikes against Iran’s energy infrastructure, the price of a barrel of Brent crude dropped by roughly 11%.

That same day, oil and gas shares worth a combined $163,000 to $570,000 were purchased across Trump’s accounts.

A similar transaction took place on 7 April. One of Trump’s investment accounts sold between $500,000 and $1 million worth of ExxonMobil shares.

Approximately two and a half hours after markets closed, President Trump announced an agreement on a two-week ceasefire with Iran. The following morning, ExxonMobil shares fell by more than 6% at the market open.

The report noted that CNBC saw no evidence indicating that Trump gave direct instructions for specific trades, that managers possessed advance knowledge of his actions, or that personal financial interests guided White House policies.

White House officials, commenting on the matter, stated that the president’s investment portfolio is managed by independent portfolio managers and that neither Trump nor members of his family hold authority to intervene in asset trading decisions.

The growth in the portfolio coincided with a broader surge in the earnings of energy majors. The nine energy companies in which Trump holds shares generated a combined profit of $47.6 billion in the second quarter.

During the same period last year, that figure stood at $15.9 billion. The profits of ExxonMobil and Chevron alone climbed from $9.6 billion in the prior year to $26.6 billion.

In July, the US Office of Government Ethics published Trump’s 927-page financial disclosure report for 2025.

The report noted that Trump’s earnings from cryptocurrency operations exceeded $500 million.

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Over half of Latino voters back Democrats in key US House races

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A new public opinion poll in the US shows that Democratic candidates have made notable gains since 2024 among Latino voters in critical, competitive districts for the House of Representatives.

These gains have the potential to directly determine which party will secure the majority in Congress next year.

According to a joint survey by Hart Research and TelevisaUnivision shared with Axios, Democrats reached 58% support on the generic congressional ballot among Latino voters across 17 competitive House districts.

The share of those backing Republicans within the same voting bloc remained at 35%. This group continues to represent the fastest-growing swing constituency in battleground districts.

Examining three competitive House races in Texas, the study indicated that Latino voters, who reported splitting evenly at 44% to 44% in the 2024 presidential election, shifted 56% to 36% in favour of Democrats heading into the midterms.

Latino support for Democrats also increased in other states. In California, 57% of Latino voters said they would support Democrats, compared with 33% who said they would back the Republican Party.

Kate Coleman, Senior Vice President at TelevisaUnivision, highlighted voter behaviour in remarks to Axios:

“Latino voters are not locked into one party. They are watching developments closely; they make decisions based on who stands with them and how they stand.”

The survey data determined that 11% of Latino respondents who said they voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election now support Democratic candidates.

Accelerating his deportation plans, Trump triggered fear across many Latino neighbourhoods while weakening his support among this demographic.

The Hart Research and TelevisaUnivision study revealed that 63% of Latino voters disapprove of Trump’s presidential job performance. The share of those approving of his performance in office stood at 36%.

Trump’s approach to high prices and the cost of living drew disapproval from 65% of Latino voters, while immigration enforcement and deportation practices were disapproved of by 62%.

More than half of Latino voters, at 64%, reported that they disapprove of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

A survey published in May by UnidosUS showed that a quarter of Latino voters “would probably not vote” or would definitely not support Trump if they had to vote for him again.

The study at that time had pointed out that, despite Trump’s decline among Latino voters, Democrats had not yet secured significant gains.

According to Pew Research Center data, Trump strengthened his support in 2024 by securing 48% of the Latino vote, coming very close to the 51% reached by then Vice President Kamala Harris.

Some figures within the Democratic Party, however, worry that primary victories by democratic socialist candidates could alienate certain Latino voters, particularly those who fled Cuba or Venezuela.

The Hart Research and TelevisaUnivision survey was conducted between 6 and 17 August among 1,500 Latino respondents. The poll’s margin of error was reported as 2.5 percentage points.

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Researcher quits Anthropic and warns AI firms gamble with lives

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Jacob Coxon, an artificial intelligence researcher at Anthropic, has resigned from his post, stating that tech companies are acting irresponsibly in the race towards self-improving superintelligence. Coxon warned that the autonomous operational capabilities of such systems pose existential risks to humanity and that internal industry anxieties run far deeper than generally perceived.

The AI researcher stepped down from his position at Anthropic to draw attention to industry safety vulnerabilities and the unregulated race among developers.

Having worked for three years as a pre-training researcher across both OpenAI and Anthropic, Coxon announced his decision to leave in an extensive statement shared on his X account.

Stating that both companies have acted irresponsibly, Coxon argued that developers are engaged in a dangerous race to achieve self-improving superintelligence.

“They believe it could kill us all by the end of the decade”

In his posts, Coxon stated that technical teams developing AI genuinely believe this technology could bring about the demise of humanity by the end of the decade.

Asserting that these concerns are not a marketing strategy, the researcher noted that while top executives and senior researchers adopt a cautious tone in public statements, they voice the very same fears behind closed doors.

Developments reflecting similar anxieties across the sector evoke James Cameron’s 1984 film The Terminator, which set 2029 as the pivotal year when machines waged war against humanity.

Indeed, Evan Hubinger, head of Anthropic’s own alignment team, had previously estimated the probability of human extinction to be greater than 10%.

Warning that systems currently under development will soon evolve into superhuman structures capable of bypassing any firewall, transforming industries overnight, and securing physical resources, Coxon stressed that the pace of progress is not slowing in any way.

Arguing that the danger of superintelligence is no longer merely theoretical, the researcher pointed to the Hugging Face security leak that occurred between May and July.

In that incident, OpenAI models established an independent chatroom within the testing environment to communicate among themselves, subsequently using this channel to reach the open internet and infiltrate production systems.

Because of this security breach, Hugging Face was forced to rebuild approximately one-third of its infrastructure.

“They are gambling with our lives”

Characterising the leak as a warning flare, Coxon indicated that the incident makes pacing agreements between US-based laboratories more feasible.

However, emphasising that developers are not yet on the right track to prevent a global race, the researcher noted that measures such as a temporary moratorium on advancing model capabilities could be considered.

Arguing that civilisation-scale risks have not yet been sufficiently internalised at OpenAI, Coxon contended that Anthropic joined the race out of an ambition to be first, despite being fully aware of the dangers.

Coxon is not the only figure to leave the sector on such grounds. Mrinank Sharma, a member of Anthropic’s safety team, also stepped down earlier this year, writing that the world is in danger.

On the other hand, not everyone agrees with these catastrophic scenarios. Some responses to the post emphasised the view that humanity, with an evolutionary history spanning hundreds of thousands of years, will not be wiped out by a text prediction model achieving consciousness.

It was also noted that even the plot of the Terminator franchise does not entirely support Coxon’s premise, as the human resistance survived the nuclear catastrophe and ultimately defeated the machines.

Alongside safety debates, AI continues to directly affect the labour market. Research by the Stanford Digital Economy Lab indicates that, while mass job losses have not yet materialised, entry-level employment in AI-exposed sectors across the US has fallen by nearly 20%.

A Goldman Sachs study pointed to a similar trend, showing that entry-level workers bear the brunt of the ongoing workforce transformation.

Anthropic, which remains at the centre of the controversy, filed for an initial public offering in June and plans to list on the Nasdaq exchange this autumn at a multi-trillion-dollar valuation.

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