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MIDDLE EAST

‘A lion in the way’ between Ankara and Damascus and the Arab world’s entryway

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Bashar Assad, President of Syria, welcomed Russian President Vladimir Putin’s Special Envoy to Syria, Alexander Lavrentiev, and his entourage. Normalizing relations with Turkey and other regional issues were reviewed during the meeting held in Damascus.

“In order for the meetings with the Turkish side to be fruitful and reach tangible goals and results that Syria wants from these meetings, they must be based on coordination and prior planning between Syria and Russia,” said the Syrian President.

Damascus expects Turkey “to end the occupation in Syrian territories and the support for terrorism,” Syrian President Assad told Putin’s delegate Lavrentiev.

Lavrentiev praised the tripartite summit in Moscow in the meeting, stressing the need to follow up on these meetings at the foreign ministers’ level.

Iran’s Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, on a diplomatic visit to Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, also expressed that they welcomed the dialogue between Syria and Turkey. “We believe that it will reflect positively between the two countries,” added Abdollahian.

Arguing that “the United States does not have a policy of a regime change in Syria,” US State Department Spokesperson Ned Price has said that the US does not support the normalization process between Turkey and Syria. As for the “atrocities” perpetrated by the Assad regime in Syria, according to Price, he should be held to account for these “crimes against humanity.”

What has happened so far in normalization?

Turkey and Syria both made positive statements after the defense ministers of Turkey, Russia, and Syria met in Moscow on December 28. Damascus’s Al-Watan daily reported the next day that the contacts had been made in a “good mood.” The Turkish President, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, also reiterated his hopes to meet with his Syrian counterpart, Bashar al-Assad, on a particular schedule.

The second half of January was reportedly scheduled to move military relations up to the diplomatic level. However, Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu announced that this meeting might take place at the beginning of February.

Several factors are at play contributing to the delay in the meeting. Damascus sees the presence of Turkish troops in Syria and Ankara’s support for the Free Syrian Army as a significant problem.

For instance, the statement of Yasin Aktay, chief advisor to the President of the AK Party and writer for Yeni Şafak, that “Aleppo should be placed under the control of Turkey with a temporary status” is a striking example that amplifies the security concerns of the Syrian side.

During the talks, another fundamental setback is Ankara’s refusal to approve Damascus’s demand that Turkish support be cut from the FSA during negotiations. Damascus claims that the Turkish military’s institutional presence in Syria is the sole force keeping afloat the FSA, which requests a share in the government.

To the Lebanon-based Al Mayadin on the day of the Assad-Lavrentiev meeting, senior Syrian sources revealed that “Damascus is not interested in presenting the card of making concessions to Ankara, the withdrawal of the Turkish army from all Syrian territories should be clarified, and the meeting between the Foreign Ministers is not scheduled as Damascus still has not approved yet.” Syria has been making these same points for a long time, and within them are signals somehow aimed at Russia.

In brief, Syria wants Russia to honor its promise to remove Turkey from Syrian territory appropriately. Before unconditionally reaching tangible goals, restates Damascus, Syria has no interest in turning into leverage that may be used in the election campaign in Turkey by intensifying the diplomacy.

Despite Moscow’s insistence, Damascus’s slow rapprochement with Turkey may be partially explained by Damascus’s ongoing normalization with Arab nations in the background. In other words, Syria is engaging in feverish efforts to turn back not just with Turkey but also with the rest of the Arab world. And the circumstance provides a variety of advantages.

Furthermore, progress is being made more quickly on that front than with Turkey. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) seems to be one step ahead in normalizing relations with the Arabs. Having visited Damascus twice since November, Emirati FM Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan met with Syrian leader Assad on January 4 and facilitated correspondence between Riyadh and Damascus. For the past year, the head of Syrian intelligence, Husam Luka’s close correspondences with his Saudi counterpart, Khalid bin Ali Khomeyan, is considered an indicator of thawing ties in Saudi-Syrian dialogue.

Foreign Ministers from Saudi Arabia and Egypt met on January 12 in Cairo and conveyed the message “Do not interfere in Arab states’ internal affairs” to Iran and Turkey. The two countries “rejected any military threats that infringe on the Syrian territories.”

The latest developments have pushed Ankara to find the right time in these multiple “normalizations.” As relations between Ankara and Damascus improve, Damascus is working to normalize with other Arab countries. Meanwhile, Iran also has efforts in this direction, and Ankara’s reconciliation attempts with Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) continue. Iran is also working in this direction. Although reconciliation with Syria would have been easier for Ankara five years ago, Ankara should now consider the demands of Damascus, which gained the upper hand in a multi-actor normalization.

MIDDLE EAST

Floods in Afghanistan leave over 300 dead and survivors with no home

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At least 315 people have lost their lives, thousands of homes were damaged and livestock wiped out during the recent flash floods caused by heavy rain in northern Afghanistan.

Taliban authorities announced that over 1,600 people were wounded and the villagers buried their dead and aid agencies scrambling to help the survivors. “The death toll has exceeded 300, and sadly, we expect this number to rise. The flood has also destroyed more than 2,000 homes,” the UN’s International Organization for Migration (IOM) said on X.

Most of the casualties were reported in the northern Baghlan province where the floods destroyed 3,000 homes, damaged farmland, and washed away livestock. People are in desperate need as the deadly flood also damaged health centers.

Taliban’s Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, Abdul Ghani Baradar had visited Baghlan and met with the victims. He called on the aid organizations and the traders to help the affected people and the residents are in a deep shock as they buried dozens of bodies. The most of the victims are from Nahrin district

We have not food and no drinking water 

“We have no food, no drinking water and no shelter or blankets,” said Najibullah, who has lost nine members of his family. Three children are among the casualties.

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said that heavy rainfall and flash floods affected 21 districts across Badakhshan, Baghlan, and Takhar provinces.

At least 73 people have lost their lives and 76 others were wounded in Baghlani Jadid district where 1,500 houses have been damaged or destroyed. “In Burka district, 70 deaths and 150 injuries have been confirmed, along with damage to 5,000 homes. Elsewhere, 13 deaths were reported across Dahnai Ghori,  Guzargah Noor, Jelga, Narin and Puli Khumri districts where 1,612 homes were reportedly destroyed or damaged. A further 603 homes were reported as such in Khost and Tala wa Barfak  districts,” it said in a statement.

Afghan relatives offer prayers during a burial ceremony, near the graves of victims who lost their lives following flash floods after heavy rainfall at a village in Baghlan-e-Markazi district of Baghlan province.

At least 24 people were reportedly killed across Chall, Ishkamish, Farkhar and Namak Ab districts in Takhar province, with 14 injured and a further seven missing. More than one hundred homes were also reportedly destroyed or damaged – the vast majority in Chall and Ishkamish districts.

Baghlan, Badakhshan and Takhar provinces are affected the most

In Badakhshan province, Teshkan district has been the most affected with 200 homes, 50 bridges and 30 electricity dams destroyed or damaged and 2,000 animals killed.

“With every beat of our hearts, we feel the deep sorrow that’s befallen Baghlan and all of Afghanistan. In this tragic time, our spirits reach out to embrace the families in mourning,” the International Labour Organization (ILIO) covering Afghanistan said in X.

UN Special Rapporteur Richard Bennett, said that “recent floods in Afghanistan including Baghlan which claimed many lives, are a stark reminder of Afghanistan’s vulnerability to the climate crisis and both immediate aid and long term planning by the Taliban and international actors are needed”.

Recent floods are stark reminder of Afghanistan’s vulnerability to the climate crisis 

Indrika Ratwatte, deputy special representative of UNAMA for Afghanistan said that the country has remained amongst the world’s top 10 climate impacted countries while having no significant carbon footprint. “Climate shocks continue to ravage vulnerable communities. Urgent support for climate adaptation and mitigation for the people of Afghanistan is a critical need,” he added.

He furthered that Afghanistan Humanitarian Fund (AHF) will remain the main funding platform for providing life saving humanitarian assistance to millions. The international community needs to step up and support this critical lifeline for the people of Afghanistan, he added.

At the same time the World Health Organization’s Director-General, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that WHO and its partners have deployed 17 mobile health teams to assist flood victims in Afghanistan.

In a post on X, Tedros emphasized that the recent floods resulted in more than 300 deaths and caused extensive damage to homes and health facilities.

“We are providing essential medicines and medical supplies to the affected communities,” he added.

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MIDDLE EAST

‘Israel sends its diplomats back to Turkey’

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According to a report by Ragıp Soylu of the British news agency Middle East Eye, citing Israeli sources, Israel has started to gradually send its diplomats back to Turkey as of this month.

After 7 October, Israel, which began attacks in Gaza and faced fierce protests in the countries of the region as the intensity of its attacks increased, withdrew all its diplomats in the region, including Turkey, for security reasons.

Israeli sources told Middle East Eye that Israel began returning its diplomats from Turkey earlier this month, six months after withdrawing them. According to the report, a Turkish official confirmed that Israeli diplomats had returned to their posts.

The report noted that Israel’s move to repatriate the diplomats came after Ankara completely cut off trade with Israel.

Turkey and Israel had downgraded their diplomatic relations to the level of charge d’affaires, reducing diplomatic and political contacts to zero, due to tensions that began in 2018 when the US recognised Jerusalem as Israel’s capital and moved its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.

However, last year, in line with the main trend in the region, steps were taken to normalise relations and reciprocal ambassadors were appointed. 7 October and the subsequent Israeli attacks on Gaza interrupted this trend.

In the first days after 7 October, Turkey adopted a more balanced discourse, but after Israel’s attack on the Al-Ahli hospital, Turkey began to harden its tone. Erdoğan accused Israel, which he blamed for the attack, of carrying out attacks ‘bordering on genocide’.

Israeli diplomats serving in Turkey, including Israeli Ambassador to Ankara Irit Lillian, decided to leave Turkey for “security reasons” after protests outside the embassy and consulate intensified on 19 October.

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MIDDLE EAST

Israelis take to the streets to demand a ceasefire

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Israeli citizens demonstrated in several locations to demand that their government sign the Gaza ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreement.

A group of about 1,500 people gathered in Habima Square in central Tel Aviv at the call of the We Stand Together NGO, which brings together Israelis and Palestinians. The demonstrators carried banners, posters and placards with messages such as “Children in Rafah and children in Israel”, “Enough with the death of children”, “Deal now”, “Bring the prisoners home”, “Right now”, “Only peace will bring security”, “End half a year of hell”.

In his speech, Palestinian-born Israeli MP Ahmad Tibi accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of not supporting a ceasefire for fear of losing his seat.

Prisoners’ relatives block the road

Relatives of Israeli prisoners in Gaza and their supporters gathered in the evening on Menachem Begin Street in front of the Ministry of Defence building in Tel Aviv.

The group of hundreds of Israelis carried banners and placards reading “Murderers”, “No price is too high for prisoners”, “Enough is enough”, “Attack on Rafah = killing prisoners” and pictures of Israeli prisoners in Gaza.

Israelis chanted “Bring them all”, “Deal now”, “Deal on the table, sign it”.

Israeli police closed Menachem Begin Street to traffic. Relatives of Israeli prisoners faced police obstructions as they marched from Begin Street to Kaplan Street. Scuffles broke out between the Israeli police and the demonstrators. The demonstrators closed Kaplan Street to one-way traffic for a while and long queues of vehicles formed.

Israelis marched around the Ministry of Defence building.

On the other hand, relatives of Israeli prisoners marched from the Israeli Supreme Court in West Jerusalem to the parliament building.

The demonstrators carried an empty coffin representing their relatives who died in the ongoing clashes in Gaza and have not yet been buried.

Carrying banners calling for the release of Israeli prisoners, the demonstrators chanted “We will not rest until they are all brought back to life, healed or buried in Israeli graves”.

At times, Israeli police intervened with the demonstrators and scuffles broke out.The police arrested two people.

Hamas approves ceasefire proposal

Ismail Haniyeh, the head of the political bureau of the Hamas movement, has informed Qatar and Egypt that he has accepted their proposals for a ceasefire agreement in the Gaza Strip. After Hamas announced its acceptance of the “ceasefire proposals” put forward by Qatar and Egypt, the Israeli war cabinet decided to continue the attacks in Rafah. On 7 May, the Israeli army launched a ground assault east of Rafah and took control of the Palestinian side of the Rafah border crossing with Egypt.

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