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China’s slowing economy a greater concern for EU firms than Trump’s trade war

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According to the EU Chamber of Commerce in China, China’s economic slowdown is a much bigger concern than the effects of Donald Trump’s trade war.

Adam Dunnett, Secretary General of the EU Chamber of Commerce, told Euractiv that the business outlook for EU companies in China has fallen to its lowest level since the early 2000s due to a “huge overcapacity” in manufactured goods and persistently weak consumer demand.

“The most important issue for our members is the Chinese economy itself,” Dunnett said, pointing to a survey showing that 71% of businesses see the slowdown in Beijing as their biggest challenge.

This unease runs deep. Price wars in China have forced many sectors to cut costs to remain competitive, leading to persistent deflation and declining profitability for both domestic and foreign businesses.

Despite Chinese President Xi Jinping’s efforts to “strongly boost consumption” with monetary and fiscal stimulus, domestic demand and consumption have remained weak.

Highlighting these structural problems, the latest forecast from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects the Chinese economy to grow by only 4% this year.

This rate is below Beijing’s 5% target and well below the average annual growth rate of 9% recorded since China opened up to the global economy in the late 1970s.

According to Dunnett, a growing economy once made China’s long-standing regulatory hurdles and “complex” rules manageable, but now they have become much more “painful.”

Trump’s trade war has not entirely disappeared either. Dunnett warned that it poses a “serious” challenge to EU firms’ access to rare earth elements, which are vital for military hardware and high-tech consumer goods, including computers and electric vehicles.

China, which accounts for about 70% of global rare earth mining and 90% of the world’s refining capacity, imposed export restrictions on the minerals shortly after Trump announced in April that he would implement comprehensive “reciprocal tariffs” on US trade partners.

These measures require foreign firms to apply for special export licenses, which can take months to be approved. Despite Ursula von der Leyen’s announcement of an “enhanced supply chain mechanism” at the EU-China summit in July to address rare earth element “bottlenecks,” Dunnett said EU firms are still struggling to obtain the licenses.

“We thought we were moving in the right direction, but some problems arose in August, and in September, we saw a significant increase in the number of companies coming to us. These companies stated that they could not get the approvals they needed and that this was leading to production stoppages,” Dunnett added.

The new export licensing regime has further strained relations between Beijing and Brussels, which were already tense due to China’s close ties with Russia and its global trade surplus, which reached a record €850 billion in 2024.

Von der Leyen also recently cited the export controls as a key reason for the EU to accelerate its “de-risking” efforts from its second-largest trading partner.

Trump, for his part, has pressured the bloc to impose 100% tariffs on Beijing for its refusal to compel Moscow to end the war in Ukraine.

Dunnett acknowledged that the EU is “under great pressure from the US” in its relations with Beijing but stressed that “de-risking from China is not the same as de-prioritizing China, not doing business with China, or giving less importance to China.”

However, he noted that the growing tension between the EU and China has made the business environment for European companies increasingly unstable.

To emphasize this point, he cited Brussels’ imposition of tariffs of up to 45% on Chinese electric vehicles last year and Beijing’s retaliation against EU pork and dairy producers.

“What has changed in the last year? The Chinese economy comes first. But predictability comes second,” Dunnett continued:

“You think you are safe in one sector, and suddenly, some kind of political disagreement arises that you think has nothing to do with you, and suddenly you are affected as a result.”

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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