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EU agrees to open Horizon research fund for defense projects

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As part of its rearmament program, ReArm Europe, the EU has approved the use of the Horizon research fund for armaments.

Negotiators have signed an agreement to expand the €93.5 billion research and innovation program to include projects for both civil and military use. These measures aim to “strengthen Europe’s defense technology and industrial base” by directing EU funds toward defense and security.

The legislation, informally agreed upon on Wednesday evening between members of the European Parliament (EP) and the Council Presidency, will amend existing EU programs—including the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP), Horizon, the European Defence Fund (EDF), the Digital Europe Programme (DEP), and the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF)—to increase funding for defense-related investments and channel EU funds to the defense sector.

During the negotiations, EP members advocated for the inclusion of resilience topics such as critical infrastructure protection, disaster response, and election integrity within the scope of the measures. They also pushed for the adoption of a plan to enhance resilience against cyber threats to critical digital infrastructure.

EP members also championed legislation providing greater support for Ukraine’s defense industry, securing the country’s participation in the EDF.

The Horizon Europe program will support potential military applications (dual-use) while continuing to support civilian applications. This will fall under a targeted exemption within the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) and will not affect the outcome of negotiations for the next MFF.

“Defense technologies” will be added as the fourth strategic sector under STEP. Support can also be extended to SMEs, including startups and small and medium-sized enterprises, that are unable to secure loans from banks.

The legislation will also allow for EU financing for dual-use transport infrastructure under the CEF, including military mobility corridors, where the Commission can set conditions regarding the country of origin for the equipment, goods, supplies, or services used.

Latvian MEP Rihard Kols, a member of the national-conservative ECR group, stated, “With this agreement, the Parliament and the Council have fulfilled their duties. Now it is the turn of the member states and the Commission to act: the tools are on the table, and the opportunities are available.”

For the informal agreement to become law, it must now be approved by both the Parliament and the Council. The Committee on Industry, Research and Energy will vote on the text on November 20, after which it will be presented to the full EP by the end of the year.

A proposal from the European Commission aims to increase defense-related investments within the EU budget as part of the ReArm Europe initiative. In response to growing geopolitical threats, the text aims to strengthen the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB) with funds from existing budgets.

The text follows the 2030 European Defence Readiness Joint White Paper, which aims to enhance the EU’s strategic autonomy and competitiveness in the defense sector.

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EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups

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The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.

For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.

“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.

Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.

Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.

The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.

Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.

This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.

As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.

In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.

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Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability

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Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.

The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.

Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.

“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.

According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.

The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.

The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.

The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.

That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.

That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.

Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.

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Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation

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The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.

Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.

The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.

The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.

However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.

Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.

Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.

Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.

In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.

The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.

Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.

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