Europe
Germany confronts new threat of ‘digital Salafism’ as radicalization moves online
Germany is facing the threat of “digital Salafism” rather than radical Salafists “roaming the streets or preaching in mosques,” according to a new government report.
According to a report in WELT, the Islamist movement in Germany has changed in recent years, becoming less visible in the public sphere. “Salafist street missionaries with long beards” are now rarely seen in German cities.
Instead, as the newspaper reports, “Islamist radicalization” today occurs almost entirely in the digital realm. Security agencies detect almost no preliminary signs in the real world.
For example, the importance of the “charismatic imam in a local mosque who captivates the neighborhood’s youth” has rapidly diminished. Today, young people are radicalized by the seamless flow of social networks, between videos from Islamist influencers on Instagram and religious rules for school life on TikTok.
According to WELT, new figures from the German government and specific incidents in recent months illustrate this.
For instance, at the end of May this year, the Frankfurt Higher Regional Court sentenced Deard M. to more than three years in prison. The 28-year-old had transferred approximately 4,000 euros to ISIS supporters in detention camps in Syria. To do this, the individual, who was radicalized during a previous prison sentence, used the organization’s Türkiye-based donation network.
According to police reports, supporters of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) in Syria made threats of “murder and rape” against the Druze minority in front of the Berlin city hall in mid-July and welcomed the massacre of religious minorities in Syria.
In Quickborn, Schleswig-Holstein, a 45-year-old Iranian man attacked two colleagues with a knife in a butcher shop at the end of July. The two victims are members of the Yazidi religious minority. The perpetrator has been in custody since the incident. The Schleswig-Holstein State Criminal Police Office is investigating the attempted murder and suspects “religious motives.”
New figures from the federal government, obtained by WELT, also show the scale of the problem: state security authorities currently classify approximately 447 individuals as an “Islamist threat.”
This police category refers to individuals believed capable of committing serious crimes that threaten the state and who are closely monitored by security authorities, often with a large number of personnel.
Another 481 people are considered “relevant persons,” meaning they are leaders, logisticians, or contacts within “extremist” circles.
While the numbers are still high, they show a slight decrease from the previous year: as of April 2024, there were 480 dangerous persons and 504 relevant persons.
In response to a question from Cansu Özdemir, a member of parliament for The Left Party (Die Linke), the Federal Ministry of the Interior stated that the total number of “potential Islamists” in Germany is approximately 28,280. This figure represents a slight increase compared to previous surveys.
The Left Party’s foreign policy spokesperson commented, “A real danger posed by Islamists in Germany continues. It is also extremely worrying that 40 individuals from the spectrum of dangerous and ‘relevant persons’ are currently on trial.”
According to the federal government, in about 25 of these 40 cases, the individuals are accused of membership in a “terrorist organization” abroad. In four cases, extremists are accused of forming a “terrorist group,” and an equal number of cases involve charges of crimes against humanity.
Investigations are underway against 257 individuals in the area of “politically motivated crimes – religious ideology,” with most of these individuals being over 30 years old.
Since 2020, courts have convicted approximately 78 individuals (23 women and 55 men) considered dangerous or “relevant persons,” almost all for membership in a “foreign terrorist organization.”
Of these cases, 51 were related to ISIS membership. This was followed by six cases related to “ISIS and the Nusra Front” and two cases each for membership in Hezbollah and HTS.
The German government writes the following about “Islamist influencers” operating in the digital space:
“They act in a target-oriented manner and adapt to platform-specific requirements. They also link their online incitement with real-world forms of action, such as demonstrations or flash mobs. In doing so, they connect emotionally charged topics related to Islam, framing these ideas with the claim that there is an Islamophobic mood in Germany.”
The Federal Ministry of the Interior does not provide any information about specific individuals or channels. However, according to WELT, this could refer to Islamist groups such as “Generation Islam” or “Muslim Interaktiv.”
These groups are closely associated with the Hizb ut-Tahrir movement, which was banned in 2003.
When asked which groups have become particularly prominent since October 7, 2023, the Federal Ministry of the Interior said that “the amount of information related to sympathizers and supporters of terrorist organizations with connections to the Middle East, especially Hamas and Hezbollah, has generally increased.”
Özdemir of The Left Party asserts that there is “official certainty” that Hamas and Hezbollah have gained more supporters since the Al-Aqsa Flood operation, adding, “In terms of combating radicalization and antisemitism, this connection must be taken seriously.”
Europe
EIB to unveil 15 billion euro tech initiative to scale European startups
The European Investment Bank (EIB) will announce a €15 billion initiative today, in collaboration with EU capitals and private investors, aimed at supporting the growth of European technology companies.
For decades, startups on the continent have struggled to raise the large-scale funding rounds necessary to scale on this side of the Atlantic, frequently turning to US investors or relocating abroad as they expand.
“We are catching up. Now we need to accelerate,” EIB President Nadia Calviño said.
Under the existing European Tech Champions Initiative, the EIB had already pooled resources with six EU governments to establish funds that invest in high-growth companies across the EU.
Calviño described the initiative as “very successful,” noting that it has supported 12 European “unicorn” companies valued at over $1 billion, including the German artificial intelligence translation firm DeepL.
The bank is now expanding the program with a new phase nearly four times the size of the original.
Twenty-five EU governments, alongside private investors such as Santander and Danske Bank, are expected to participate in the program.
This initial €15 billion aims to mobilize up to €80 billion in total investment. Calviño stated that this estimate is based on the multiplier effects achieved under previous programs.
As part of these efforts, the EIB also aims to attract European pension funds, which manage immense pools of capital but have historically allocated fewer resources to technology investments compared to their US counterparts.
In addition to the new funding, Calviño noted that the EIB will create a platform providing a single point of access for existing European scale-up initiatives, including the European Commission’s Scaleup Europe Fund, France’s Tibi initiative, and Germany’s Win initiative.
Europe
Germany to purchase US Tomahawk missiles to build own long-range strike capability
Germany will purchase Tomahawk cruise missiles from the United States and deploy them on German territory, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced on Thursday.
The move marks a shift away from planned US deployments and toward Germany establishing its own long-range strike capability.
Merz told lawmakers that he finalized the agreement with the US government during the NATO summit in Ankara, adding that the talks held on Tuesday and Wednesday had exceeded his expectations.
“While we close a critical strategic gap in our defense, we are also working to develop our own European systems and deploy them in Europe,” the Chancellor said.
According to German government sources, Washington committed in a letter of intent signed on Tuesday to approve Germany’s acquisition of Tomahawk missiles and their land-based Typhon launchers in August.
The number of missiles and launchers Germany plans to purchase was not disclosed because the information is classified.
The planned acquisition appears aligned with US President Donald Trump’s pressure on European allies to cover their own security costs, such as by purchasing US weapons.
The fate of the Tomahawk procurement had become uncertain after Trump announced in May that he would reduce the US military presence in Germany.
That development was seen as a cancellation of a plan made under the previous administration to deploy a US battalion equipped with long-range Tomahawk missiles to Germany.
That original plan was designed as a temporary solution to serve as a strong deterrent against Russia while Europeans developed their own versions of such weapons.
Germany produces its own cruise missile, the Taurus, but its range of approximately 311 miles is three to five times shorter than that of the Tomahawk missiles.
Europe
Apple loses EU court appeal over Digital Markets Act gatekeeper designation
The General Court of the European Union has rejected Apple’s challenges against its “gatekeeper” status designated under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).
With this ruling, the company’s designated status for the App Store and iOS remains valid, while its applications regarding iMessage were also rejected.
Apple had argued that the five separate App Stores it operates for the iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, Mac, and Apple TV should be evaluated as distinct, individual services.
The court rejected this argument, ruling that these stores serve a common purpose of connecting developers and users, regardless of the specific device.
The court also dismissed Apple’s defense that the DMA’s interoperability obligations violate its fundamental rights.
However, it did not conduct a substantive assessment on the legality of this obligation, stating that a direct legal link could not be established between the regulation in question and the determination of “gatekeeper” status.
Following the ruling, Apple argued that the obligations under the DMA “exceed the boundaries of legality and proportionality.” The company asserted that the new rules jeopardize the work it has carried out for years to ensure user privacy and security.
Apple retains the right to appeal the decision, though a company spokesperson did not comment on whether there are plans to do so.
Apple previously declared that DMA rules prevented the launch of the updated version of Siri in Europe, resulting in European users being unable to benefit from the service.
In force in the European Union since 2024, the DMA covers a total of 22 services and products belonging to Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta Platforms, and Microsoft.
The regulation obliges these companies to share certain data with competitors, provide access to user-generated data, and offer verification tools to advertising partners.
Additionally, it prohibits platforms from engaging in anti-competitive practices that favor their own products. Companies failing to comply with the rules face fines of up to 10% of their global turnover, which can rise to 20% in cases of repeated violations.
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