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Pakistan: Mounting security challenges

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The security situation in Pakistan is deteriorating. The country’s economy also continues to decline. On the security situation, several deadly attacks have occurred in Pakistan in the past one month. This is heinous indeed, but at the same time a big failure of the state security brass to prevent them from occurring.

There were nine attacks in southwestern Baluchistan province alone on Sunday in which at least six Pakistani soldiers were killed and 17 more were wounded. This wave of attacks against the country’s security forces happened in different districts of the province.

Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said that the “nation pays its tributes and respects to our heroes who laid down their lives for Pakistan. The perpetrators of terrorism will be brought to justice. Let there be no mistake about it.”

Action is required to fight the terrorism. Such mere condemnation and statements will carry no weight. How Sharif can think about the security situation while the mainstream remains busy to deal with different political turmoil.

Using this gap, Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) have reached Islamabad, other cities and hoisted their flags in North Waziristan, throwing the Pashtuns people, who are living in the area, to the wolves once again.

“Very alarming and concerning scenes from Mir Ali bazar, N. Waziristan where Taliban hoisted their flag and issued warnings. A new great game and a new war is underway with Pakhtunkhwa as the primary battleground. All at the cost of the lives of our people,” Mohsin Dawar, a member of the National Assembly said.

A day ago, Dawar also tweeted that “Security forces get away with attacking civilians in N. Waziristan. They opened fire on 2 locals in Eidak. Shahid was killed “martyred”. The army is refusing to hand over his dead body to his family. This second young man was injured. Our people remain caught between terrorists and the army.”

The TTP onset in the capital

The TTP’s return to Islamabad, the capital city last week should not come as a surprise. A suicide bomber detonated his explosive-laden vehicle close to a residential area in Islamabad on December 23, killing an officer. The Pakistani Taliban (TTP) claimed responsibility for the attack as the group has been stepping up a violence campaign against the government. Another three police officers and seven passersby were wounded in the bombing.

The blast in Islamabad happened some 15 kilometers from the garrison city of Rawalpindi, where the military and government intelligence agencies are located.

The TTP has been carrying out more attacks across Pakistan after ending a month-long cease-fire with the government last month.

TTP’s spokesman Muhammad Khalid Khurasani said that the attack was in revenge for the killing of a senior leader.

In August, Abdul Wali, aka Omar Khalid Khorasani, considered one of the most influential TTP leaders, was killed in a roadside bombing in Paktika province in Afghanistan. The TTP has blamed Pakistani intelligence for the killing Khorasani and vowed revenge.

Meanwhile, the bombing in Islamabad comes days after Pakistani Special Forces said they have killed 25 suspected TTP-linked militants in a raid on a detention center in Bannu, a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Three Pakistani soldiers and at least three hostages were also killed in the raid.

This is the first attack in Islamabad in a short period of time as Pakistan recorded 420 attacks since August last year, where many of them were in provinces. Of these, TTP has claimed responsibility for 141 attacks in the last three months, where Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been the worst hit.

Potential terrorist attack at Islamabad’s Marriott Hotel

The United States embassy in Pakistan issued a warning about a possible terrorist attack against its citizens at the Marriott Hotel in the capital city Islamabad.

A view of the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad. (AFP)

“The US government is aware of information that unknown individuals are possibly plotting to attack Americans at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad sometime during the holidays. Effective immediately, the Embassy in Islamabad is prohibiting all American staff from visiting Islamabad’s Marriott Hotel,” the embassy said in a security alert.

It furthered, “Islamabad has been placed on a Red Alert citing security concerns while banning all public gatherings, the embassy is urging all Mission personnel to refrain from non-essential, unofficial travel in Islamabad throughout the holiday season.”

Besides the US, the United Kingdom also urged its citizens to avoid visiting the Marriot Hotel in Islamabad.

“We advise British nationals in Islamabad to exercise additional vigilance and minimize exposure to densely populated and unsecured areas that pose a higher risk,” the advisory from the British Embassy in Pakistan read.

In 2008, an attack at the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad killed 54 people and wounded more than 250 others.

UAE visa ban for Pakistanis

Following the news that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is no longer providing visas to Pakistani citizens belonging to certain cities, Pakistan had refuted the report.

“We have seen the reports. We can confirm that no such ban is in place by the UAE for issuance of visas to Pakistani citizens,” Pakistan official at Foreign Affairs Mumtaz Zahra Baloch said.

The responses came as reports were being circulated that the gulf country is not allowing visas to some of the Pakistani cities including Abbottabad, Attock, Bajaur Agency, Chakwal, Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ismail Khan, Hangu, Hunza, Quetta, Kasur, Kohat, Kotli, Khushab, Khurrum Agency, Larkana, Mohmand Agency, Muzaffargarh, Nawabshah, Parachinar, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Skardu and Sukkur.

Asia

OECD forecasts slower Chinese economic growth due to trade war

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The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) announced that the Chinese economy will grow by 4.3% next year, lowering its previous forecast by 0.1 percentage points in light of ongoing global trade conflicts.

The Paris-based group stated that “significant trade barriers” and “diminished confidence and increased policy uncertainty” are exerting downward pressure on global economic growth rates this year and next. It noted that the global slowdown trend will be most pronounced in China, Canada, Mexico, and the US.

The 38-member OECD’s outlook report this week follows US President Donald Trump’s imposition of double-digit tariff increases on imports from many countries this year. Most of the targeted countries are in Asia, with the largest increases aimed at China.

The OECD’s outlook report stated that China’s exports “will be constrained by newly implemented tariffs,” while imports will fall as production becomes increasingly localized. The report said, “Tariffs will disproportionately affect private companies, including foreign firms that are major exporters.” The US absorbed 13.5% of China’s direct merchandise exports last year.

The OECD added that China’s consumption is negatively impacted by “still-high precautionary savings due to the trauma created by the pandemic and the correction in the real estate sector,” despite support from this year’s durable goods trade-in program.

The report noted that China’s infrastructure investment is “stable,” while consumer price inflation is “low” and producer prices are trending downwards. The OECD did not change its economic growth forecast for China for this year, keeping it at 4.7%. Authorities in Beijing are targeting economic growth of “around 5%.”

Trump’s highest tariff increases, including those targeting China, have been suspended pending the conclusion of US negotiations with individual countries. However, other tariff increases, which the US leader said were implemented to address unfairness in America’s foreign trade balance, have already taken effect.

The OECD report warned that further “fragmentation” of trade, including new tariff increases and retaliatory measures, could exacerbate the growth slowdown and disrupt cross-border supply chains in large parts of the world.

OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann said, “The global economy has entered a more uncertain path from a period of resilient growth and falling inflation.” Inflation is expected to persist, especially where “trade costs are significantly high” or labor markets are tight.

The report projects the US economy will grow by 1.6% this year and 1.5% next year. These figures are below the 2.4% forecast for this year made in December and the 2.1% projection for 2026. According to OECD estimates, the global economy will grow by 2.9% this year and next. This is below the 3.3% forecast for both years made in December.

Song Seng Wun, an economic advisor at Singapore-based financial services company CGS, said, “On the surface, the OECD’s forecast is a reasonable one that takes into account the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory measures that could affect business confidence. This situation can affect your employment and investment decisions.”

The OECD projected that India will be the only major economy in the G20 group to record growth above 6% this year and next. Indonesia, one of the G20’s top-performing countries, is expected to grow by 4.7% this year and 4.8% next year.

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Lee Jae-myung inaugurated as South Korea’s new president, vows unity and economic revival

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South Korea’s new President Lee Jae-myung pledged to “build a new country of hope” as he was sworn into office at the National Assembly on Wednesday, following his victory in the elections.

Lee, from the Democratic Party (DP), addressed the South Korean people in his inaugural speech in Seoul, saying, “Regardless of whom you supported in this election, I will be a president who embraces everyone and serves all citizens.”

Before the ceremony, Lee Jae-myung visited the Seoul National Cemetery to pay tribute to Korean soldiers who died in wars.

Lee, who officially began his five-year term, acknowledged that Asia’s fourth-largest economy faces an “intertwined network of crises in diplomacy, national security, and democracy.”

He promised to fundamentally change the outdated economic development model, which he blamed for fueling inequality and hindering growth. He said he would address the urgent economic problems facing the country by focusing on cost-of-living issues affecting middle- and low-income families and the struggles of small business owners.

He emphasized that they would revive growth by adopting a pragmatic and market-oriented approach to the economy and strengthen advanced technologies.

South Korea’s economy is under pressure due to Donald Trump’s aggressive trade policies and intense competition from Chinese exporters. It is also approaching the July deadline set by the White House for negotiations on import tariffs, which Washington cites as the cause of the large trade imbalance between the two countries.

Message of dialogue with North Korea

In foreign policy, Lee Jae-myung reiterated his pre-election promise to communicate with North Korea, saying, “We will keep communication channels open with the North and achieve peace on the Korean peninsula through dialogue and cooperation.”

“It is better to win without fighting than to win through conflict, and the most reliable security is peace that makes war unnecessary,” he added. However, he also pledged to respond to possible “nuclear and military provocations.”

Lee reaffirmed South Korea’s commitment to its alliance with the US, stating they would enhance trilateral cooperation involving Japan and pursue a practical and national interest-based approach in relations with neighboring countries. Lee described his conservative predecessor’s foreign policy towards China and Russia as “unnecessarily hostile.”

White House concerned

Lee is expected to pursue “pragmatic diplomacy” with Beijing while negotiating an agreement on tariffs with the US president, at a time of intensified competition between the US and China.

US Senator Marco Rubio congratulated Lee on his election victory and said the two countries “share an unwavering commitment to an alliance based on a mutual defense treaty, shared values, and deep economic ties.” He also stated that the two countries are “modernizing the alliance to meet the demands of today’s strategic environment and address new economic challenges.”

The White House stated that Lee’s election was “free and fair” but that the US is concerned about and opposes China’s interference and influence in democracies worldwide.

Early election

The country is navigating a prolonged political crisis triggered in December by then-President Yoon Suk Yeol’s brief declaration of martial law. An early election was called after Yoon was impeached by a court decision.

The National Election Commission announced this morning, following its meeting, that Lee won yesterday’s presidential election. According to official results, Lee won 49.42% of the votes, while Kim Moon-soo, the candidate of the ruling People Power Party (PPP), received 41.15%. Voter turnout reached 79.4%, the highest level in 20 years.

Lee’s victory has shifted both the presidency and control of the National Assembly from conservatives to liberal parties after several years of divided government.

The Bank of Korea last week lowered its growth forecast for this year from 1.5% to 0.8%, following a slight contraction in the economy in the first quarter due to a sharp slowdown in exports. South Korea’s benchmark Kospi stock index rose over 2.4% in morning trading. Investors anticipate that Lee will introduce governance reforms to increase the power of minority shareholders and reduce the influence of families controlling the country’s largest industrial groups.

From mayor to president

Lee, a 61-year-old former human rights lawyer, described Tuesday’s election as a “judgment day” against Yoon’s martial law and the People Power Party’s failure to stop this unfortunate move.

Lee began his political career in 2010 when he was elected Mayor of Seongnam, where he gained attention for his social welfare projects. He served as Governor of Gyeonggi Province from 2018 to 2021 and was noted for his effective measures against the COVID-19 pandemic. He narrowly lost the 2022 presidential election to Yoon Suk Yeol.

In 2024, he survived an assassination attempt and, in the same year, played an active role in the resistance against Yoon’s declaration of martial law.

Lee has also faced past accusations of making false statements during his election campaign, and legal proceedings on this matter are ongoing. However, according to the South Korean constitution, a sitting president cannot be prosecuted, so the cases have been postponed.

Lee Jae-myung’s presidency could herald significant changes for South Korea in both domestic and foreign policy.

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China accuses US of severely violating trade truce

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China has accused the US of “severely violating” the trade truce and vowed to take strong measures to protect its interests as tensions between the two powers reignite.

In early May, China and the US reached an agreement during talks in Geneva to temporarily reduce mutual tariffs, which had climbed as high as 145%.

US officials have grown increasingly concerned about the slowdown in China’s rare earth exports since the May 12 agreement, while President Donald Trump claimed on Friday that China had “completely violated” the deal.

However, on Monday, China’s Ministry of Commerce stated that Washington had implemented “a series of discriminatory and restrictive measures” in recent weeks. These actions, according to the ministry, undermined the Geneva consensus and harmed “China’s legitimate rights and interests.”

The ministry declared, “If the US insists on its own path and continues to harm China’s interests, China will continue to take strong and decisive measures to protect its legitimate rights.”

Among the US measures cited in the statement are warnings against the global use of Huawei chips, the suspension of chip design software sales to Chinese firms, and the cancellation of visas for Chinese students.

US officials had anticipated that the agreement reached on May 12 would lead China to lift its export restrictions on rare earth elements, which were announced in early April. However, China did not alter its export regime and continued to slow shipments to the US.

These critical minerals are extensively used in American automotive, electronics, and defense supply chains. The slowdown in exports to the US elevates the threat of work stoppages within the US manufacturing sector.

China’s Ministry of Commerce asserted, “The US has unilaterally initiated new trade frictions.” The ministry further added, “Instead of questioning its own actions, it accused China of violating the consensus.”

Trump informed reporters on Friday that he hoped to resolve the dispute in a phone call with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Trump has yet to act on this idea, which he has mentioned several times in recent months.

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