Diplomacy
The emphasis on ‘national sovereignty’ at Dakar Forum
The 8th International Forum on Peace and Security in Africa, which started in the capital of Senegal, Dakar on Monday, has come to an end. An emphasis was made that the African Continent should ensure its own security, during the speeches.
During the two-day Forum, participants mainly focused on the Africa’s security challenges. The event was attended by more than one thousand ministers, security experts, military personnel and representatives from various international organizations.
Participants included heads of states from the African countries, as well as many top officials from countries such as Turkiye, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia and France.
The Dakar Forum took place during an environment in which France was forced to withdraw all its military forces from Mali and the criticisms regarding the United Nations (UN) missions and increasing presence of the Western powers in the region.
The UN peacekeeping operations fail in the fight against terrorism
In the Forum themed “Africa in the Face of Exogenous Shock: Challenges of Stability and Sovereignty”, the opening speech was delivered by the President of Senegal Macky Sall and current president of the African Union.
Sall said that he hoped this event could help Africa’s goal of securing a permanent seat at the G20 organization and the UN Security Council.
Je tiens à vous remercier chaleureusement, chers frères, Présidents Lourenço et Neves, d’avoir bien voulu rehausser de votre présence cette 8e édition du Forum international de Dakar sur la paix et la sécurité en Afrique, malgré vos agendas chargés. Nous sommes honorés. pic.twitter.com/szinPg8Oop
— Macky Sall (@Macky_Sall) October 24, 2022
Stating that Africa is currently facing many crises related to terrorism, internal conflicts, climate change and healthcare, Sall pointed out that the issue of terrorism over the continent is not just a problem belonging to only Africa.
Underlining that the UN Peacekeeping Operations have not been much successful in preventing the prevail of terrorism on the continent, Sall said that anti-terrorism doctrines needed to be revised.
Sall also pointed out the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism established by the UN Secretary-General, and said “For it to be trusted and accepted, multilateralism must serve the interests of all nations”.
Africa must hold a seat at the UN Security Council
Speaking about the Forum’s missions, the African Union’s Special Envoy on Women, Peace and Security, Bineta Diop stated: “We agree that Africa needs to position itself, as a superpower, be present at the UN Security Council and, have the right to veto if necessary. This is crucial, especially in terms of multilateralism”.
An African solidarity is needed before external solidarity
The Expert on Defense and Security of the G5 Sahel organization, General Mohamed Znagui Ould Sid’Ahmed Ely stated at his speech: “Africa must strive for its own security first. There must be an African solidarity, before an external solidarity. Secondly, we should focus on the education of the African people, which are the true riches of Africa. We have to pay more attention to young people”.
Resolutions are being discussed to end the foreign aid
Africanews correspondent Pascale-Mahé Keingna reported the following about the Dakar Forum: “Participants will attend the seminar for two days, in order to discuss how the foreign events from outside the continent affect the security of the African nations. And the purpose in these meetings are to seek better solutions that would ensure the Continent no longer relies on foreign aid for military issued, or in food shortages, to keep its own national independence”.
‘We must strengthen our security by our own means’
The discussions at the forum were mainly centered around the physical safety of civilians in African countries.
The former Chadian Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation and High Representative of the Coalition for Sahel Djimé Adoum stressed that the continent should strengthen its defense and security capacities by its own means:
“We do not need a foreign military to come and do this job for us, we do have enough military personnel, but we need three basic things; logistical support, intelligence and training; because it is an asymmetrical warfare and we need more people that can adapt to the newer tactics of terrorism”.
Cavusoglu: We are against neo-colonialism
The Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu had also attended the Forum, which was held at the Abdou Diouf International Conference Center (CICAD), which is a project actually built by a Turkish company.
Speaking at the Forum Session on Global Crises and Sovereignty in Africa, Cavusoglu stated that neo-colonialism has severed the sovereignty and the stability of Africa, a continent which is already facing various problems such as terrorism, military coups and economic crises.
Stating that they were against colonialism throughout the history, and still are against the 21st century neo-colonialism, Cavusoglu said, “We believe that Africa should take its own destiny, into its own hands.”
Reiterating that modern Turkiye is still against neo-colonialism, Cavusoglu emphasized that they see the African nations as equal partners, and advocate win-win principles in their relations.
8.Afrika'da Barış ve Güvenlik için Uluslararası Dakar Forumu "Küresel Krizler ve Afrika'da Egemenlik" Oturumundaki hitabım
My speech in the "Global Crises and Sovereignty in Africa" Session at 8th International Forum of Dakar on Peace and Security in Africa
📍Dakar pic.twitter.com/t3lJOrNioX
— Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (@MevlutCavusoglu) October 25, 2022
FM Cavusoglu also held bilateral meetings with the African leaders.
Cooperation with the Antalya Diplomacy Forum
In addition, Cavusoglu and his Senegalese counterpart Aïssata Tall Sall have signed a Memorandum of Understanding between the times when Antalya Diplomatic Forum and the Dakar Forum took place, on content partnership and cooperation.
Senegal Dışişleri Bakanıyla ikili ilişkilerimizi ele aldık, @AntalyaDF ve @DakarForum arasında bir Mutabakat Muhtırası imzaladık.
Discuté de nos relations bilatérales et signé le memorandum d’entente entre @AntalyaDF et @DakarForum avec mon homologue @AissataOfficiel. 🇹🇷 🇸🇳 pic.twitter.com/V6sYkzckV0
— Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (@MevlutCavusoglu) October 25, 2022
Speaking at the signing ceremony, Cavusoglu stated “We all know that the world is going through a very rough and an interesting process. Therefore, we need new visions and policies for a just world, and for peace and stability especially in Africa”.
Speaking at the ceremony, the Senegalese Foreign Minister Tall Sall stressed that this memorandum of understanding is very critical in making it possible for these two forums to take place in harmony with each other. Tall Sall stated that the Antalya Diplomacy Forum would be an example for them, and that they will try to find solutions to the problems that concern the entire international community, and especially Senegal.
The detection of the problems and possible resolutions concerning the African continent are being discussed at the Dakar Forum, which is held annually since 2014.
A cooperation with Asia comes forth, while the West is being turned down
While anti-Western and especially anti-French sentiments have been growing recently in Africa, both by the governments and among the general public itself, an emphasis is being put on independence and national sovereignty. While French-backed governments were being toppled in the region, protests against French military convoys have resulted in withdrawal of French troops from Mali, where they had been deployed since 2014.
The legitimacy of the French military presence, which is also a former colonial power in the Sahel region, with around 5100 troops in the region under the pretext of fighting against the terrorism, is now being questioned.
In addition, the failure of the UN Peacekeeping Force in the region against terrorism and the ineffectiveness of its operations have been frequently brought up in the recent time periods. The African leaders aim to develop better solutions based on their own military power to ensure the security of the continent.
While the West is being pushed away from Africa, cooperations between Russia, Turkiye and China comes forth in many areas, and especially in the field of security. And now the African leaders have these cooperation networks to not turn into a neo-colonial relationship, and that a win-win policy is being followed respecting their national sovereignty in bilateral relations, on their political agendas.
Diplomacy
CSTO strips Armenia of voting rights over two-year budget debt
Members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) have stripped Armenia of its voting rights and its ability to appoint representatives to official positions due to a two-year debt to the organization’s budget.
Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, “This decision was taken based on the organization’s charter due to Armenia’s failure to fulfil its obligations for several years.”
Prior to the CSTO leaders’ summit in Moscow, Peskov had stated that member states would “react” to the Caucasus country’s non-participation in the organization’s activities.
Ahead of the Moscow summit, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said his country’s “interest has run out” regarding the CSTO. Through his press spokesperson, he announced that he would travel to Türkiye on 11 November to attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) instead of going to Russia.
The CSTO leaders’ meeting was held with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
The leaders jointly took the decision to revoke Armenia’s voting rights.
At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants also signed a joint declaration.
The declaration stated: “We confirm our unconditional commitment to the goals set out in the CSTO treaty and charter towards creating favourable and stable conditions for the comprehensive development of member states.”
Pashinyan had frozen Yerevan’s de facto participation in the CSTO in February 2024, citing the organization’s failure to aid the Armenian side during the armed clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh in September 2023.
Having referred to the CSTO as a “soap-bubble alliance” since that time, Pashinyan accused the organization’s members of “planning war” together with Baku. He stated that Armenia would not return to active work within the alliance at least “over the next five years”, adding that he would welcome it if the country were expelled from membership.
Relations between Armenia and Russia grew tense once again in the spring of 2026, after Yerevan moved closer to the European Union (EU) and the Kremlin responded with a trade war.
In May, Pashinyan refused to travel to Moscow to attend the Victory Day parade and declared that he did not support Russia on the Ukraine issue.
In response, Putin called on Yerevan to determine its foreign policy course through a referendum, advising Armenian authorities not to forget the fate of Ukraine.
Diplomacy
US urges Russia to draft proposals for new European security pact
The US administration has reportedly called on Russia to submit proposals for a prospective security treaty with Europe that would include measures to ease tensions between European nations and Moscow.
According to a report by news site Axios citing sources familiar with the matter, the US side conveyed the request during trilateral negotiations held in Abu Dhabi.
During the talks, US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff and Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner suggested that the Russian delegation prepare a fresh proposal outlining its security concerns and demands.
The US delegation reportedly asked that this proposal clarify what kind of “symmetrical steps” Moscow is prepared to take to de-escalate tensions and “provide non-aggression guarantees to Europe”.
Another source familiar with the White House’s approach said the Trump administration aims to run the processes for a new European security architecture and a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine simultaneously.
Under this plan, the actual implementation of the security understandings would take effect only after the signing of an accord ending the conflict in Ukraine.
Assessing the approach to the process, the source said: “[Ukrainian President Volodymyr] Zelenskyy will not agree to any compromise without knowing what will happen next regarding security guarantees. Putin also wants to see the exact same picture clearly. This is precisely why the security portfolio is so decisive.”
The same official noted that the US will not reach a security agreement with Russia without the support of Europe and Ukraine, adding that Washington will not grant Moscow veto power over European security decisions.
Vladimir Medinsky, aide to the Russian president and head of the delegation in the Ukraine negotiations, previously stated that the fundamental objective was building a comprehensive new security system in Europe.
Medinsky noted that the structure in question must take on the character of “a fair, new, modern Yalta and Potsdam that carries the spirit of Helsinki 1975 and responds to contemporary realities”.
The Russian official argued that if such a system were established, peace lasting for decades, or even centuries, could be secured in Europe.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov also announced that Moscow possesses its own position paper on how a new security architecture in Eurasia should take shape.
Lavrov stated that Russia hopes the Washington administration will “maintain its determination to pursue dialogue aimed at achieving an honest balance of interests where nobody’s security is impaired”.
Russian authorities have repeatedly stated that the country has no intention of attacking Europe.
Pointing out that they have no reason to fight NATO countries, Russian President Vladimir Putin previously said: “We have no interest whatsoever, neither geopolitical nor economic, political nor military.”
In a statement in October, Putin said Russia has no plans to attack anyone “in 2029, in 2030, or in the year 2050”.
On the other hand, Putin claimed that “all NATO countries are fighting Russia” and stated that the Russian military is currently the most combat-ready armed force in the world.
Following the contacts in Abu Dhabi, Kushner announced that he and Witkoff would travel to Moscow.
Explaining that they plan to meet Putin during the visit to discuss European participation in negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict, Kushner argued that the parties could make “far greater progress” if the Russian leader consents to such involvement.
Yury Ushakov, aide to the Russian president, stated that the US special envoys will arrive in Moscow on 12 November, with the planned meeting with the Russian president scheduled for the first half of the day.
Diplomacy
Vance leads indirect push for US-Iran ceasefire and nuclear talks
US Vice-President JD Vance has been personally involved over the past two weeks in indirect talks with Iran aimed at securing a fresh ceasefire and restarting nuclear negotiations.
According to Axios, Vance’s intense engagement indicates that he has taken it upon himself to extract the US from the conflict, which he views as responsible for the Republican Party’s shocking losses in this week’s elections.
This elevates the latest round of indirect talks to the highest echelons of the administration.
US officials and regional sources state that Trump is currently willing to let diplomatic efforts run their course to see whether any agreement is achievable.
Asked by reporters on Friday what his message was to Iran, Trump said, “We are talking to them.”
According to sources with direct knowledge of the matter, Vance speaks almost daily with Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir, and other mediators regarding the negotiations with Iran.
White House envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, President Trump’s adviser and son-in-law, are also involved in the process.
Sources say Vance and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators have been discussing the possibility of holding a working-level technical meeting between the US and Iran in the coming days, though this has not yet materialized.
Before the war began in late February, Vance was among the most sceptical voices in Trump’s inner circle on the issue, advocating instead for a diplomatic solution.
In April, he led the US negotiating delegation at the Iran summit held in Islamabad and was personally involved in the talks that yielded a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between the US and Iran in June.
Vance subsequently headed the US delegation during a series of direct talks with Iran in Switzerland.
Two weeks ago, Vance sent a letter to Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, proposing that direct negotiations resume.
Rezaei is one of the closest advisers to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei.
Iranian officials noted that Vance’s letter generated positive momentum toward restarting talks.
On Wednesday, Vance said the war was the primary reason for the Republicans’ repudiation at the polls.
Sources involved in mediation efforts report that while progress is being made, the process is moving very slowly.
On Friday evening, the prime minister of Qatar said, “Over the past few weeks, we worked with our colleagues in the US administration who have a sincere intention to contain the situation and de-escalate. Thanks to them and the voices of reason in Tehran, we prevented the situation from spinning out of control.”
The prime minister added that discussions with the Trump administration continued following the midterm elections, though they were not as active as in previous days “because there are other matters.”
Nevertheless, he noted that the US intention to find a diplomatic resolution “remains ongoing” and emphasized that an agreement is possible.
On Friday morning, Trump and the Emir of Qatar discussed Qatari efforts to bridge differences between the US and Iran as part of an accord.
According to a statement from his office, Sheikh Tamim emphasized the necessity of “pursuing dialogue and diplomatic channels to resolve differences, prevent the region from facing further escalation, and ensure freedom of maritime navigation as well as the security of energy supplies.”
Separately, Trump confirmed on Friday that the US military conducted a strike on an anti-aircraft missile launcher on Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz after it fired a missile at a US fighter jet.
-
Diplomacy1 week agoSecular dress code dispute exposes deeper Türkiye-Azerbaijan strains
-
Europe6 days agoEU urges citizens to prepare 72-hour survival kits for crises
-
America2 weeks agoBolsonaro reportedly leaves Brazil on jet linked to scandal-hit firm
-
Asia1 week agoChina expands Africa arms sales, displacing France and Western rivals
-
Europe2 weeks agoEU prepares Ukraine peace mission to Abu Dhabi led by Björn Seibert
-
Diplomacy1 week agoProtesters storm Kyiv site holding soldiers over torture allegations
-
Russia2 weeks agoPutin proposes Arctic energy cooperation to US to ease gas sanctions
-
Europe2 weeks agoEU scrambles for takers for remaining €21B in SAFE defence loans
