Connect with us

Diplomacy

Xi declares the SCO an effective force against hegemonism at Tianjin summit

Published

on

On Monday, Chinese President Xi Jinping called on the leaders of Russia, India and other Asian countries to strengthen security and economic cooperation. He said that the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation had become an effective force against hegemony and power politics.

Xi made this statement in his speech at the 25th Summit of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin were also among the attendees.

Xi said that members should “oppose Cold War thinking, bloc confrontation, and bullying.” He also called on them to “support the multilateral trading system centered on the World Trade Organization” and advocate for an “equal and orderly multipolar world.”

The Chinese leader urged the organization’s members to set aside their differences and enhance cooperation and solidarity, stating, “We must advocate for an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally inclusive economic globalization, making the global governance system more equal and just.”

“The SCO has become an effective force against hegemonism and power politics by standing for international equality and justice, and by championing the inclusiveness and mutual learning of civilizations,” he said.

Xi stated that China aims to develop the SCO in “practical” ways. He announced plans to provide 2 billion yuan ($280 million) in grant aid to member countries this year, offer an additional 10 billion yuan in credit to member banks of the SCO Interbank Consortium over the next three years, and double the number of SCO special scholarships starting next year.

Xi also called for the prompt establishment of a center to address security threats and a counter-narcotics center.

According to Chinese state media, more than 20 foreign leaders attended the summit held in the city of Tianjin, near Beijing, making it the group’s largest event to date.

Xi-Modi meeting

Xi met with Modi on Sunday, signaling his intention to forge warmer relations with India immediately after US President Donald Trump imposed additional tariffs on Indian goods to penalize its purchases of Russian oil.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi traveled to India before the summit and promised to meet India’s need for rare earth minerals, which are critical metals used in high-tech manufacturing. China imposed restrictions on rare earth element exports in April in retaliation for US tariffs.

China and India face a wide range of conflicts, from border issues to China’s support for Pakistan. However, analysts say that China, experiencing an economic slowdown at home, can benefit from India’s growing consumer market and its demand for the modernization of infrastructure and industry. For India, which has been penalized with a 50% tariff by the US, a move toward closer ties with China is also seen as strategic.

Xi-Putin friendship

The summit was interpreted as a demonstration of closer relations between China and Russia, as well as the friendship the two leaders have built over the years, highlighting Putin’s close relationship with Xi.

The personal chemistry between the two leaders was evident at the welcome dinner hosted by Xi and his wife, Peng Liyuan, for the participating leaders on Sunday evening.

Putin was photographed standing next to the Chinese president at the banquet, and the two were shown on television walking side-by-side as they entered the hall.

Two proposals from Pezeshkian

In his speech at the summit, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian proposed the establishment of a crisis committee composed of foreign ministers to manage regional crises.

Stating that the committee should be structured to intervene quickly in violations of members’ sovereignty, Pezeshkian said, “Iran believes that the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, as one of the important pillars of the multipolarity of the international system, must take concrete steps to create a more peaceful world that is more conducive to economic cooperation.”

In this context, Pezeshkian presented two specific proposals from Iran: “the necessity of building peace” and “the necessity of strengthening financial cooperation to reduce the impact of unilateral sanctions.” He elaborated, “A committee composed of the foreign ministers of member states should be established to exchange views and consult on various crises threatening regional peace and security, to develop operational proposals for crisis management, and to provide a mechanism for their follow-up. This committee should have the authority to convene immediately at the request of a member in various potential and actual crises and should assume an appropriate role as the intellectual and operational arm of the organization. Especially when a member’s sovereignty is violated, this mechanism must react immediately and strive to support the member whose sovereignty has been violated through various channels.”

Pezeshkian noted that the unilateral sanctions of Western countries harm the economic relations of member states and, to solve this problem, proposed strengthening the “SCO Special Accounts” mechanism, which includes expanding payments in national currencies, establishing digital infrastructures, and creating a multilateral currency swap fund.

Erdoğan-Xi meeting

President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who was in Tianjin for the summit, also met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping.

Xi stated that China and Türkiye are major emerging countries with a spirit of independence, adding that the high-level development of bilateral relations serves the fundamental interests of both countries and the common interests of the Global South.

Xi called on both countries to grasp global trends such as peace, development, and win-win cooperation and to work together to build a more just and equitable global governance system.

Noting that next year marks the 55th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Türkiye, Xi said the two sides should use this opportunity to strengthen bilateral ties. “The two countries should consolidate political mutual trust, support each other on issues concerning their core interests and major concerns, and strengthen cooperation in counter-terrorism and security,” he said.

Xi said the two countries should deepen practical cooperation and seek new opportunities for collaboration in new energy, 5G technology, and biomedicine. He also called for both sides to strengthen coordination within multilateral frameworks to uphold international justice and fairness.

President Erdoğan stated that Türkiye is ready to maintain close high-level relations with China, advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and support the solid growth of bilateral relations by strengthening cooperation in areas such as infrastructure and new energy.

Erdoğan noted that Türkiye is ready to enhance cooperation with China within the SCO framework to contribute to the development and prosperity of the region and the world, and he praised China’s just stance on the Middle East issue.

President Erdoğan reiterated Türkiye’s support for the “One China” policy, emphasizing the strategic dimension of the relations between the two countries.

The meeting was also attended by Minister of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Alparslan Bayraktar, Minister of Treasury and Finance Mehmet Şimşek, Minister of National Defence Yaşar Güler, Minister of Industry and Technology Mehmet Fatih Kacır, Minister of Trade Ömer Bolat, Head of MİT İbrahim Kalın, and Türkiyes Ambassador to Beijing Selçuk Ünal.

On the Chinese side, senior officials including Cai Qi, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Foreign Minister Wang Yi were present.

At the summit, which will conclude on Monday, a joint declaration called the Tianjin Declaration and a 10-year development plan are expected to be prepared.

Some foreign leaders will remain in China to attend a military parade in Beijing on Wednesday to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II.

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The SCO was initially formed in 1996 as an alliance for border security and economic cooperation by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The group, then known as the “Shanghai Five,” was officially established in 2001 with the inclusion of Uzbekistan.

The membership processes for India and Pakistan were completed at the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan in 2017. With the accession of Iran at the Dushanbe Summit in Tajikistan in 2021 and Belarus at the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan in 2024, the organization’s membership has reached 10.

Mongolia and Afghanistan, whose status has been inactive since September 2021, are “observers” in the organization, while the SCO has a “dialogue partnership” with 14 countries, including Türkiye.

The total land area of the member countries covers approximately 65% of the Eurasian continent, representing 40% of the world’s population and 30% of the global gross domestic product.

Diplomacy

CSTO strips Armenia of voting rights over two-year budget debt

Published

on

Members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) have stripped Armenia of its voting rights and its ability to appoint representatives to official positions due to a two-year debt to the organization’s budget.

Kremlin Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, “This decision was taken based on the organization’s charter due to Armenia’s failure to fulfil its obligations for several years.”

Prior to the CSTO leaders’ summit in Moscow, Peskov had stated that member states would “react” to the Caucasus country’s non-participation in the organization’s activities.

Ahead of the Moscow summit, Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said his country’s “interest has run out” regarding the CSTO. Through his press spokesperson, he announced that he would travel to Türkiye on 11 November to attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) instead of going to Russia.

The CSTO leaders’ meeting was held with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin alongside the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.

The leaders jointly took the decision to revoke Armenia’s voting rights.

At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants also signed a joint declaration.

The declaration stated: “We confirm our unconditional commitment to the goals set out in the CSTO treaty and charter towards creating favourable and stable conditions for the comprehensive development of member states.”

Pashinyan had frozen Yerevan’s de facto participation in the CSTO in February 2024, citing the organization’s failure to aid the Armenian side during the armed clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh in September 2023.

Having referred to the CSTO as a “soap-bubble alliance” since that time, Pashinyan accused the organization’s members of “planning war” together with Baku. He stated that Armenia would not return to active work within the alliance at least “over the next five years”, adding that he would welcome it if the country were expelled from membership.

Relations between Armenia and Russia grew tense once again in the spring of 2026, after Yerevan moved closer to the European Union (EU) and the Kremlin responded with a trade war.

In May, Pashinyan refused to travel to Moscow to attend the Victory Day parade and declared that he did not support Russia on the Ukraine issue.

In response, Putin called on Yerevan to determine its foreign policy course through a referendum, advising Armenian authorities not to forget the fate of Ukraine.

Continue Reading

Diplomacy

US urges Russia to draft proposals for new European security pact

Published

on

The US administration has reportedly called on Russia to submit proposals for a prospective security treaty with Europe that would include measures to ease tensions between European nations and Moscow.

According to a report by news site Axios citing sources familiar with the matter, the US side conveyed the request during trilateral negotiations held in Abu Dhabi.

During the talks, US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff and Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner suggested that the Russian delegation prepare a fresh proposal outlining its security concerns and demands.

The US delegation reportedly asked that this proposal clarify what kind of “symmetrical steps” Moscow is prepared to take to de-escalate tensions and “provide non-aggression guarantees to Europe”.

Another source familiar with the White House’s approach said the Trump administration aims to run the processes for a new European security architecture and a peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine simultaneously.

Under this plan, the actual implementation of the security understandings would take effect only after the signing of an accord ending the conflict in Ukraine.

Assessing the approach to the process, the source said: “[Ukrainian President Volodymyr] Zelenskyy will not agree to any compromise without knowing what will happen next regarding security guarantees. Putin also wants to see the exact same picture clearly. This is precisely why the security portfolio is so decisive.”

The same official noted that the US will not reach a security agreement with Russia without the support of Europe and Ukraine, adding that Washington will not grant Moscow veto power over European security decisions.

Vladimir Medinsky, aide to the Russian president and head of the delegation in the Ukraine negotiations, previously stated that the fundamental objective was building a comprehensive new security system in Europe.

Medinsky noted that the structure in question must take on the character of “a fair, new, modern Yalta and Potsdam that carries the spirit of Helsinki 1975 and responds to contemporary realities”.

The Russian official argued that if such a system were established, peace lasting for decades, or even centuries, could be secured in Europe.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov also announced that Moscow possesses its own position paper on how a new security architecture in Eurasia should take shape.

Lavrov stated that Russia hopes the Washington administration will “maintain its determination to pursue dialogue aimed at achieving an honest balance of interests where nobody’s security is impaired”.

Russian authorities have repeatedly stated that the country has no intention of attacking Europe.

Pointing out that they have no reason to fight NATO countries, Russian President Vladimir Putin previously said: “We have no interest whatsoever, neither geopolitical nor economic, political nor military.”

In a statement in October, Putin said Russia has no plans to attack anyone “in 2029, in 2030, or in the year 2050”.

On the other hand, Putin claimed that “all NATO countries are fighting Russia” and stated that the Russian military is currently the most combat-ready armed force in the world.

Following the contacts in Abu Dhabi, Kushner announced that he and Witkoff would travel to Moscow.

Explaining that they plan to meet Putin during the visit to discuss European participation in negotiations aimed at resolving the conflict, Kushner argued that the parties could make “far greater progress” if the Russian leader consents to such involvement.

Yury Ushakov, aide to the Russian president, stated that the US special envoys will arrive in Moscow on 12 November, with the planned meeting with the Russian president scheduled for the first half of the day.

Continue Reading

Diplomacy

Vance leads indirect push for US-Iran ceasefire and nuclear talks

Published

on

US Vice-President JD Vance has been personally involved over the past two weeks in indirect talks with Iran aimed at securing a fresh ceasefire and restarting nuclear negotiations.

According to Axios, Vance’s intense engagement indicates that he has taken it upon himself to extract the US from the conflict, which he views as responsible for the Republican Party’s shocking losses in this week’s elections.

This elevates the latest round of indirect talks to the highest echelons of the administration.

US officials and regional sources state that Trump is currently willing to let diplomatic efforts run their course to see whether any agreement is achievable.

Asked by reporters on Friday what his message was to Iran, Trump said, “We are talking to them.”

According to sources with direct knowledge of the matter, Vance speaks almost daily with Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Field Marshal Asim Munir, and other mediators regarding the negotiations with Iran.

White House envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, President Trump’s adviser and son-in-law, are also involved in the process.

Sources say Vance and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators have been discussing the possibility of holding a working-level technical meeting between the US and Iran in the coming days, though this has not yet materialized.

Before the war began in late February, Vance was among the most sceptical voices in Trump’s inner circle on the issue, advocating instead for a diplomatic solution.

In April, he led the US negotiating delegation at the Iran summit held in Islamabad and was personally involved in the talks that yielded a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between the US and Iran in June.

Vance subsequently headed the US delegation during a series of direct talks with Iran in Switzerland.

Two weeks ago, Vance sent a letter to Mohsen Rezaei, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, proposing that direct negotiations resume.

Rezaei is one of the closest advisers to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei.

Iranian officials noted that Vance’s letter generated positive momentum toward restarting talks.

On Wednesday, Vance said the war was the primary reason for the Republicans’ repudiation at the polls.

Sources involved in mediation efforts report that while progress is being made, the process is moving very slowly.

On Friday evening, the prime minister of Qatar said, “Over the past few weeks, we worked with our colleagues in the US administration who have a sincere intention to contain the situation and de-escalate. Thanks to them and the voices of reason in Tehran, we prevented the situation from spinning out of control.”

The prime minister added that discussions with the Trump administration continued following the midterm elections, though they were not as active as in previous days “because there are other matters.”

Nevertheless, he noted that the US intention to find a diplomatic resolution “remains ongoing” and emphasized that an agreement is possible.

On Friday morning, Trump and the Emir of Qatar discussed Qatari efforts to bridge differences between the US and Iran as part of an accord.

According to a statement from his office, Sheikh Tamim emphasized the necessity of “pursuing dialogue and diplomatic channels to resolve differences, prevent the region from facing further escalation, and ensure freedom of maritime navigation as well as the security of energy supplies.”

Separately, Trump confirmed on Friday that the US military conducted a strike on an anti-aircraft missile launcher on Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz after it fired a missile at a US fighter jet.

Continue Reading

MOST READ

Turkey