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Xinjiang breakthrough in China’s opening up

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Prof. Xu Jianying, senior research-fellow of Institute of China’s Borderlands, CASS talked to Harici: “Both Chinese central government and the local government have made great efforts to open Xinjiang to the outside.”

Beijing aims for Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to become one of the important centers of China’s outward opening-up. As one of the prominent pillars of the Belt and Road Initiative, the commercial potential of Xinjiang, especially the southern border, has started to be evaluated.

On 1st November of last year, the Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) was established, covering 179.66 square kilometers and comprising three sub-zones in Kashgar province, Urumqi and Horgos. In 2023, the new FTZ has shown good import and export performance, attracting the attention of the business community.

For example, on November 11, the Kashgar zone of the FTZ became operational and trade in the province grew rapidly in 2023. From January to November, imports and exports rose 80.8% year-on-year to 77.15 billion yuan ($10.87 billion), according to data from Kashgar Customs. The province contributed 24.1 percent to Xinjiang’s total foreign trade. Kashgar also has trade links with 128 countries and regions, 90 percent of which are part of the Belt and Road Initiative. It could take up to five years for Xinjiang to officially become a free trade zone.

China is also building new highways that will strengthen the region’s links with Central Asia. One of these projects is the Tianshan Shengli tunnel, the longest road tunnel in the world by today’s standards, which will cross the Tianshan Mountains and “open new routes” for exchanges between Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Central Asia, which experts say is an increasingly decisive area for foreign trade.

Scheduled to open in 2025, the tunnel will serve as a crucial transportation link between the southern and northern halves of the region, allowing Xinjiang to establish wider connections with Central Asia.

We spoke to Prof. Xu Jianying, senior research-fellow of Institute of China’s Borderlands, CASS about Beijing’s efforts to open Xinjiang to the outside world:

According to Prof. Xu Jianying, both the Chinese central government and the local government of Xinjiang have made great efforts to open Xinjiang to the outside world and have carried out sustained and long-term efforts. The first step was the opening of the port, Prof. Xu said, noting that Xinjiang has gradually opened many ports and has 17 ports open to the outside world so far. He also said that Xinjiang has ports with six neighboring countries other than India and Afghanistan, “For example, there is the famous Hongqirapu Port with Pakistan. Among the 17 ports opened, there are 15 land border ports and 2 air ports.”

Pointing out that the second step is to restart the economic zone, Prof. Xu said, “In 2010, two economic development zones were established in Xinjiang, one is Khorgos Economic Development Zone and the other is Kashi Economic Development Zone. These two zones are also important bases for Xinjiang to open up to the outside world.”

Stating that the third step is the establishment of a free trade zone, Prof. Xu said, “The Chinese government announced that a free trade zone will be built in Xinjiang covering three cities, Urumqi, Kashi and Khorgos. This is an important policy that shows the further development of Xinjiang’s opening to the outside world.”

In addition to the above-mentioned policies, the central government has made significant efforts in many other areas in Xinjiang, Prof. Xu pointed out, stressing that infrastructure construction in the region is developing rapidly. In terms of transportation construction, Xinjiang’s railways, highways, high-speed railways and aviation network are now well-developed and all connected with neighboring countries, he noted.

In addition, Prof. Xu reminded that the Belt and Road Initiative has six economic corridors, four of which pass through or are closely related to Xinjiang, including the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor, the New Eurasia Corridor and the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, showing that Xinjiang has become a very important frontier for China’s opening up.

Prof. Xu Jianying also noted that the central government regulates the Xinjiang local government’s foreign development and opening up in accordance with its own pace of development and opening up.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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