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Afghanistan-Tajikistan moves closer to mend ties

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Top official of Afghanistan’s national electric utility company, Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS) has signed an electricity purchase agreement with Tajikistan for the year 2024.

Chief Executive Officer of DABS, Mullah Muhammad Hanif Hamza, and Chairman of Tajikistan Electricity Company, Mohammad Omar Asazada had signed the agreement. During the meeting which was held in Turkey, the two officials also discussed the possibility of extending a new 500 KV transmission line from Tajikistan to Afghanistan. Asazada expressed interest in pursuing this extension, while Hamza also shed light upon CASA-1000 project, and requested Asazaa that Tajikistan should resume cooperation, coordination and implantation of this electricity project.

The agreement comes when the government of Tajikistan did not recognize the Taliban government yet, rather Tajikistan has built more checkpoints on the bordering areas with Afghanistan to prevent the infiltration of insurgents.

CASA-1000 power project is essential for Afghanistan

CASA-1000, is formally known as the Central Asia-South Asian power project worth around $1.6 billion, and will transform power from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to Afghanistan and Pakistan.

This CASA-1000 project is very crucial for a country like Afghanistan which has been troubled by energy deficits for many years. This project will create hope for reaching a self-sustaining energy security in Afghanistan. With implantation of this project, Afghanistan would also be able to reduce its total reliance upon imported power.

In October 2022, the then CEO of DABA, Hafiz Mohamamd Amin visited Dushanbe and signed a contract for purchasing electricity at a cost of $69 million. The agreement was made possible after two days of negotiation with Tajiki officials.

At that time, it was announced that Tajikistan will supply Afghanistan with 1.5 billion KWH of electricity. The former republic government had signed a 20 years electricity export contract to Afghanistan in 2018, but after the takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban, relations between the two neighbors somehow deteriorated.

Unfolding tensions between Kabul and Dushanbe

At the same time, the then CEO of DABS Amin traveled to Uzbekistan and held a detailed-discussion with Dadajon Isakulov, head of the National Electric Grid of Uzbekistan, resulting in a new agreement.

The two officials signed a electricity contract worth $100 million and Afghanistan received 2 billion KWH electricity from Uzbekistan last year.

However, reduction in export of electricity to Afghanistan came when Taliban defense minister Mohammad Yaqoob called on Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to return the Afghan Air Forces aircraft that the Afghan pilots flew out of the country on 15 August 2021. These pilots fled to the two neighboring countries following the withdrawal of US troops and the collapse of the Afghan republic government. However, both Tajikistan and Uzbekistan refrained from sending back these helicopters.

Pilots fleeing Afghanistan flew a sizable portion of the Afghan Air Force, including Embraer A-29 Super Tucano and Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters.

There were around 164 active military aircraft before the collapse in August but right now only 81 remain in the country. According to reports, 46 aircraft landed in Uzbekistan and 16 others in Tajikistan. At that time, relations between Kabul and Dushanbe had deteriorated to the point that even Tajik president Emomali Rahmon accused Taliban of monopolizing the power, and called for establishment of an inclusive government in Afghanistan to be acceptable for all.

He blamed the Taliban for ignoring the rights of ethnic Tajiks in Afghanistan, but in return, the Taliban warned Tajikistan not to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan and Tajikistan mending ties

However, on September 2, 2023, Rahmon had suddenly ordered that border markets between Afghanistan and Tajikistan should be reopened after nearly two years of closure. These border markets reopened in Khorog, Darvaz, Vanj, and Ishkashim districts of Tajikistan’s Gorno-Badakhshan region for business with Afghanistan.

Since August 2021, the movement across the Afghanistan-Tajikistan border has officially suspended, and all the markets were closed.

However, the announcement to reopen the border markets is considered as a sing of potential normalization of relations between the two neighbors.

Not only Tajikistan, but most of the Central Asian States have opted for engagement with the Taliban and agreed to explore trade and investment opportunities.

Afghanistan going dark serves no one

The Taliban are the reality of today’s Afghanistan. They are running a country of nearly 40 million people. Indeed, Afghanistan has been going through its most difficult time. Women have been prevented from going to workplaces and girls over sixth grade from schools. This has to be changed and the Taliban must observe and respect human rights. But at the same time, Afghanistan is in dire need of help from foreign countries, especially the neighbors and regional countries. It is good that Tajikistan has agreed to export more electricity to Afghanistan in 2024 and also opened its border markets that definitely helps the Afghan civilians. In the context of the electricity outages, pushing Afghanistan toward darkness will serve no one’s interest.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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