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Brazil-Britain relations strengthen amid global challenges

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As Donald Trump’s second term looms and European allies like France and Germany grapple with political instability, the United Kingdom is seeking new allies on the global stage, POLITICO reports.

In this context, Keir Starmer’s administration has been cultivating strong ties with Brazil and the Lula government. Since Starmer assumed office as Prime Minister in July, at least 12 British ministers have traveled to Brazil, signaling a deepening partnership.

This intensified engagement coincides with Brazil hosting this year’s G20 summit, but it also highlights shared priorities in addressing the global climate crisis. Since November, the UK and Brazil have collaborated on launching a multilateral clean energy agreement, setting ambitious new climate targets, and laying groundwork for the next major United Nations Climate Summit in Belém, Brazil, in 2025.

According to Robin Niblett, former director general of the British think tank Chatham House, these are precisely the types of “coalitions of the willing” that leaders with a “green conscience” must forge amid global uncertainty.

However, bilateral ties are not without challenges. Disagreements over Russia and Ukraine represent a major foreign policy hurdle for both nations. To strengthen their alliance, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has invited Starmer for another visit next year, aiming to “map opportunities and economic areas for collaboration,” according to an official Brazilian statement.

The relationship between the two leaders extends beyond formal diplomacy. According to Antonio Patriota, Brazil’s ambassador to London, their shared enthusiasm for football has added a personal touch to diplomatic meetings. In fact, the initial moments of their bilateral discussions at the G20 summit were dedicated to football, POLITICO noted.

Foreign Secretary David Lammy also underscored the importance of climate issues in British foreign policy during his visit to Brazil last summer, preceding the general election. Starmer, then opposition leader, first met Lula at COP28 in 2023. This meeting laid the groundwork for the Clean Power Alliance energy agreement, which now includes 11 nations and the African Union. The alliance has pledged to triple renewable energy output by 2030, according to a British government official.

As POLITICO reports, the United Kingdom’s pivot to Brazil also reflects its need for dependable allies post-Brexit, particularly as the United States becomes less reliable under Trump. The new U.S. energy secretary, businessman Chris Wright, has accused the UK of “impoverishing people” with its green policies, further complicating transatlantic relations.

In Brazil, Starmer sees an ally capable of bridging the divide between developed nations, such as those in the G7 and NATO, and developing nations within the G20 and beyond. A UK government official described the partnership as exemplifying “cooperation between the Global North and South.”

DIPLOMACY

UK considers post-war air patrols over Ukraine

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Sources in the British government and the Royal Air Force have told The Times that Britain may deploy Typhoon fighter jets to patrol the skies over Ukraine after the war ends and a peace agreement is signed.

London is reportedly considering setting up an “air police” mission similar to the NATO program that has protected the airspace of the Baltic states since 2004.

One of the sources told The Times that this option was more likely than establishing a no-fly zone over the country, which would require aircraft to patrol the skies over Ukraine 24 hours a day.

Dozens of “heavily armed” fighter jets, planned to be stationed in Poland and ready to take off at any time, are expected to take part in this “police mission.”

According to The Times, this solution could be part of the security guarantees for Ukraine and allow for a smaller military contingent to be brought in to monitor compliance with the peace agreements on the ground.

This would require the UK to deploy a significant number of aircraft and air defense systems.

“We are prepared to do whatever we are told to do,” said The Times’ source in the Royal Air Force, adding that discussions on the matter were still at an early stage.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has previously stated that his country needs 100,000 European peacekeepers to prevent Russia from attacking again after the end of the military conflict.

According to The Washington Post, however, the European Union (EU) is only able to send 25,000 to 30,000 troops.

Germany, Italy, and Poland doubted the appropriateness of this decision, while France suggested that the peacekeepers should not be sent to the line of contact with the Russian army, but to the rear of Ukraine, where they would train soldiers and supply the Ukrainian army.

US President Donald Trump supported the idea of deploying European peacekeepers in Ukraine but emphasized that there would be no US contingent.

In the first official talks between the US and Russia since the start of the military intervention in Ukraine, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov expressed Moscow’s dissatisfaction with the proposals for the deployment of European forces in Ukraine.

Lavrov said that the Russian side conveyed to the American officials that the appearance of NATO troops on the territory of Ukraine, even “under a foreign flag, the flag of the European Union or national flags,” is unacceptable.

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DIPLOMACY

First official Russia-US talks since Ukraine war begin in Riyadh

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Representatives from Russia and the United States (US) have commenced their first official high-level talks since the onset of the Ukrainian war in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The meeting is being held at the Diriyah Palace, a residence of the Saudi royal family. The Russian delegation includes Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Deputy President Yuri Ushakov, and Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) President Kirill Dmitriev. Representing the US are Secretary of State Marco Rubio, National Security Advisor Mike Waltz, and White House Special Envoy for the Middle East Steve Witkoff.

Discussions are anticipated to cover preparations for potential negotiations to end the Russia-Ukraine war, as well as the arrangement of a direct meeting between Russian President Vladimir Putin and US President Donald Trump.

Before the talks began, RDIF President Dmitriev indicated that Russia had presented the US with several proposals in the trade and economic sectors, anticipating progress within two to three months.

“The American business community has lost over $300 billion by withdrawing from the Russian market. Thus, identifying mutual economic avenues and constructive solutions is crucial for the United States and other nations, which are recognizing the Russian market’s appeal and the necessity of maintaining a presence there,” Dmitriev stated.

Dmitriev further mentioned that Russia and the US should initiate joint projects, particularly in the Arctic.

A Washington Post source revealed that the Kremlin’s primary objective in the negotiations is the removal of sanctions against Russia, including those impacting senior officials and prominent Russian billionaires.

Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky previously stated that Kyiv would not acknowledge the outcomes of the Russia-US talks in Riyadh.

“Ukraine views any discussions about Ukraine without Ukraine’s participation as unproductive. We cannot accept any outcomes or agreements made about us without our involvement,” Zelensky asserted.

NBC News television sources reported that the US plans to conduct a separate meeting with Ukrainian officials prior to direct negotiations between Moscow and Kyiv.

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DIPLOMACY

NATO criticizes Ukrainian army’s ‘wasteful’ use of Western weapons

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The Sunday Telegraph, citing a source, reported that NATO is dissatisfied with the Ukrainian army’s use of Western-supplied weapons alongside Soviet ones.

This is resulting in the wasteful use of weapons provided by allies due to their different approaches to using weapons.

According to the newspaper, NATO advocates the use of high-precision weapons from different sources, while the Soviet approach calls for intensive use of cheap firepower.

An official involved in the training of Ukrainian soldiers told the newspaper that the Ukrainians were using British-supplied NLAW anti-tank missiles (around 5,000) as hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers (RPGs).

It was reported that the soldiers were firing salvos of five or six rockets, but that each rocket cost around £20,000 (2.2 million rubles at the time).

It was emphasized that using RPGs was not that costly. The launch of the rockets was reportedly recorded on video, and Ukraine provided the footage for reporting purposes.

Other sources told the newspaper that Ukrainian troops often abandon their equipment during withdrawals and that NATO’s principle is to “leave nothing behind” due to the cost of the weapons.

In particular, it was noted that the Ukrainian army did not take the launchers of the Javelin anti-tank missiles, which cost $100,000, from the abandoned positions.

“The Russian army probably has more Javelins than the British army,” one of the newspaper’s sources said. The Russian side has been reporting the seizure of such anti-tank missile systems since 2022.

The Telegraph listed the reasons for Kiev’s departure from Western tactics as the lack of time to train Ukrainians and disagreements with instructors who were unfamiliar with real combat conditions.

It was stated that this situation caused Ukraine to demand cheaper firepower and that the West was forced to turn to former Warsaw Pact countries for Soviet weapons.

“Foreign training is not only ineffective, but also dangerous, unless it is adapted to Ukrainian conditions and integrated into existing unit practices,” said Sergey Filimonov, commander of Ukraine’s 108th battalion.

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