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Plan to integrate Japan into US defence industrial base

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US President Joe Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida are expected to agree to strengthen defence industry cooperation at their summit here on 10 April, a US government source told Nikkei Asia.

The cooperation will not be limited to the repair of US Navy ships at private Japanese shipyards, but will also include the joint development and production of ammunition, aircraft and ships.

The leaders are preparing to establish a coordinating body to discuss how to make this vision a reality.

‘Japan is an untapped resource’

The official said the US sees great potential to “integrate” Japan into America’s defence industrial base.

The Japanese embassy in Washington declined to comment for this story.

“We see Japan as an underutilised resource,” the official said, adding that the goal is to take advantage of allies’ manufacturing capabilities, starting with Japan, which hosts the largest overseas contingent of US forces.

Noting that Japan’s manufacturing to GDP ratio is twice that of the US, the official said: “Japan has a very impressive industrial base, but its weight on the defence side is low.

Japanese shipyards can service US ships

The use of Japan’s defence industrial base will begin with ship repair. At the summit, Biden and Kishida are expected to formalise the process of maintenance, repair and overhaul of US Navy warships in private Japanese shipyards.

The US Navy has already tested ship repairs at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ Yokohama Shipyard and Machinery Plant, including the USS Milius missile-guided destroyer in 2019 and the USNS Big Horn replenishment ship this year. The Yokohama shipyard, located in Kanagawa Prefecture near Tokyo, is close to the Navy’s Yokosuka base and is likely to serve as the flag carrier for the collaboration.

Other Japanese shipyards already working for the Maritime Self-Defence Force, such as Mitsubishi Heavy shipyards in Nagasaki and Tamano and Japan Marine United shipyard in Kure, are also being considered.

Repairs will initially be limited to two dozen ships based in Japan. This is because US law generally prohibits US-based Navy ships from undergoing maintenance, repair or overhaul at an overseas shipyard.

The US official told Nikkei Asia that a congressional resolution may eventually be needed to expand operations to allow Japanese shipyards to service US-based ships. This would help alleviate maintenance bottlenecks at American shipyards and allow ships to return to service more quickly.

Japanese shipyards could play a role in potential conflict with China over Taiwan

American analysts say that in a possible future conflict between the US and China in the Taiwan Strait, it will be crucial for the US Navy to be able to carry out quick repairs in Japan so that ships can return to the fight rather than spending weeks travelling back to the US.

Meanwhile, the joint production of assets is likely to start with ammunition. The US, which has to supply ammunition to both Ukraine and Israel, is facing a severe shortage of ammunition. Joint production of ammunition with the Japanese defence industry is expected to help replenish stocks for the Indo-Pacific region.

‘It is important to keep co-produced ammunition in Japan’

Jeffrey Hornung, senior political scientist for Japan at the RAND Corp.’s National Security Research Division, said it was important to be able to produce ammunition and keep it in Japan.

“It would be a huge advantage for the United States to have the stockpiles, materials and parts in Japan so that if a conflict breaks out, we don’t have to move it all over here,” Hornung said.

Hornung said it was very important to frame the cooperation in a way that both sides would see it as a win-win: “It has to be explained to the American side that it’s not about losing jobs, it’s not about losing contracts, it’s about reducing logistics and our allies will fill the gap.

For the Japanese side, meanwhile, he said that increased business should encourage Japanese defence companies to invest in capacity. Although Japan has announced that it will increase its defence spending over the next five years, raising it from 1% to 2% of gross domestic product, this has not translated into major investment.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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ASIA

Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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ASIA

Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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