Diplomacy
The emphasis on ‘national sovereignty’ at Dakar Forum
The 8th International Forum on Peace and Security in Africa, which started in the capital of Senegal, Dakar on Monday, has come to an end. An emphasis was made that the African Continent should ensure its own security, during the speeches.
During the two-day Forum, participants mainly focused on the Africa’s security challenges. The event was attended by more than one thousand ministers, security experts, military personnel and representatives from various international organizations.
Participants included heads of states from the African countries, as well as many top officials from countries such as Turkiye, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia and France.
The Dakar Forum took place during an environment in which France was forced to withdraw all its military forces from Mali and the criticisms regarding the United Nations (UN) missions and increasing presence of the Western powers in the region.
The UN peacekeeping operations fail in the fight against terrorism
In the Forum themed “Africa in the Face of Exogenous Shock: Challenges of Stability and Sovereignty”, the opening speech was delivered by the President of Senegal Macky Sall and current president of the African Union.
Sall said that he hoped this event could help Africa’s goal of securing a permanent seat at the G20 organization and the UN Security Council.
Je tiens à vous remercier chaleureusement, chers frères, Présidents Lourenço et Neves, d’avoir bien voulu rehausser de votre présence cette 8e édition du Forum international de Dakar sur la paix et la sécurité en Afrique, malgré vos agendas chargés. Nous sommes honorés. pic.twitter.com/szinPg8Oop
— Macky Sall (@Macky_Sall) October 24, 2022
Stating that Africa is currently facing many crises related to terrorism, internal conflicts, climate change and healthcare, Sall pointed out that the issue of terrorism over the continent is not just a problem belonging to only Africa.
Underlining that the UN Peacekeeping Operations have not been much successful in preventing the prevail of terrorism on the continent, Sall said that anti-terrorism doctrines needed to be revised.
Sall also pointed out the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism established by the UN Secretary-General, and said “For it to be trusted and accepted, multilateralism must serve the interests of all nations”.
Africa must hold a seat at the UN Security Council
Speaking about the Forum’s missions, the African Union’s Special Envoy on Women, Peace and Security, Bineta Diop stated: “We agree that Africa needs to position itself, as a superpower, be present at the UN Security Council and, have the right to veto if necessary. This is crucial, especially in terms of multilateralism”.
An African solidarity is needed before external solidarity
The Expert on Defense and Security of the G5 Sahel organization, General Mohamed Znagui Ould Sid’Ahmed Ely stated at his speech: “Africa must strive for its own security first. There must be an African solidarity, before an external solidarity. Secondly, we should focus on the education of the African people, which are the true riches of Africa. We have to pay more attention to young people”.
Resolutions are being discussed to end the foreign aid
Africanews correspondent Pascale-Mahé Keingna reported the following about the Dakar Forum: “Participants will attend the seminar for two days, in order to discuss how the foreign events from outside the continent affect the security of the African nations. And the purpose in these meetings are to seek better solutions that would ensure the Continent no longer relies on foreign aid for military issued, or in food shortages, to keep its own national independence”.
‘We must strengthen our security by our own means’
The discussions at the forum were mainly centered around the physical safety of civilians in African countries.
The former Chadian Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation and High Representative of the Coalition for Sahel Djimé Adoum stressed that the continent should strengthen its defense and security capacities by its own means:
“We do not need a foreign military to come and do this job for us, we do have enough military personnel, but we need three basic things; logistical support, intelligence and training; because it is an asymmetrical warfare and we need more people that can adapt to the newer tactics of terrorism”.
Cavusoglu: We are against neo-colonialism
The Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu had also attended the Forum, which was held at the Abdou Diouf International Conference Center (CICAD), which is a project actually built by a Turkish company.
Speaking at the Forum Session on Global Crises and Sovereignty in Africa, Cavusoglu stated that neo-colonialism has severed the sovereignty and the stability of Africa, a continent which is already facing various problems such as terrorism, military coups and economic crises.
Stating that they were against colonialism throughout the history, and still are against the 21st century neo-colonialism, Cavusoglu said, “We believe that Africa should take its own destiny, into its own hands.”
Reiterating that modern Turkiye is still against neo-colonialism, Cavusoglu emphasized that they see the African nations as equal partners, and advocate win-win principles in their relations.
8.Afrika'da Barış ve Güvenlik için Uluslararası Dakar Forumu "Küresel Krizler ve Afrika'da Egemenlik" Oturumundaki hitabım
My speech in the "Global Crises and Sovereignty in Africa" Session at 8th International Forum of Dakar on Peace and Security in Africa
📍Dakar pic.twitter.com/t3lJOrNioX
— Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (@MevlutCavusoglu) October 25, 2022
FM Cavusoglu also held bilateral meetings with the African leaders.
Cooperation with the Antalya Diplomacy Forum
In addition, Cavusoglu and his Senegalese counterpart Aïssata Tall Sall have signed a Memorandum of Understanding between the times when Antalya Diplomatic Forum and the Dakar Forum took place, on content partnership and cooperation.
Senegal Dışişleri Bakanıyla ikili ilişkilerimizi ele aldık, @AntalyaDF ve @DakarForum arasında bir Mutabakat Muhtırası imzaladık.
Discuté de nos relations bilatérales et signé le memorandum d’entente entre @AntalyaDF et @DakarForum avec mon homologue @AissataOfficiel. 🇹🇷 🇸🇳 pic.twitter.com/V6sYkzckV0
— Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (@MevlutCavusoglu) October 25, 2022
Speaking at the signing ceremony, Cavusoglu stated “We all know that the world is going through a very rough and an interesting process. Therefore, we need new visions and policies for a just world, and for peace and stability especially in Africa”.
Speaking at the ceremony, the Senegalese Foreign Minister Tall Sall stressed that this memorandum of understanding is very critical in making it possible for these two forums to take place in harmony with each other. Tall Sall stated that the Antalya Diplomacy Forum would be an example for them, and that they will try to find solutions to the problems that concern the entire international community, and especially Senegal.
The detection of the problems and possible resolutions concerning the African continent are being discussed at the Dakar Forum, which is held annually since 2014.
A cooperation with Asia comes forth, while the West is being turned down
While anti-Western and especially anti-French sentiments have been growing recently in Africa, both by the governments and among the general public itself, an emphasis is being put on independence and national sovereignty. While French-backed governments were being toppled in the region, protests against French military convoys have resulted in withdrawal of French troops from Mali, where they had been deployed since 2014.
The legitimacy of the French military presence, which is also a former colonial power in the Sahel region, with around 5100 troops in the region under the pretext of fighting against the terrorism, is now being questioned.
In addition, the failure of the UN Peacekeeping Force in the region against terrorism and the ineffectiveness of its operations have been frequently brought up in the recent time periods. The African leaders aim to develop better solutions based on their own military power to ensure the security of the continent.
While the West is being pushed away from Africa, cooperations between Russia, Turkiye and China comes forth in many areas, and especially in the field of security. And now the African leaders have these cooperation networks to not turn into a neo-colonial relationship, and that a win-win policy is being followed respecting their national sovereignty in bilateral relations, on their political agendas.
Diplomacy
FIFA abandons $4.2 billion commercial stake sale following widespread revolt
FIFA and Gianni Infantino have backed down from plans to sell a stake in the organization’s commercial and event operations following widespread backlash.
In a statement issued late Friday night, the embattled FIFA president said:
“After carefully listening to all views, it has become clear that this project, regardless of the level of support, causes divisions that are now contrary to the interests of the objective originally established. Our goal has always been, and will always be, to unite and improve. As a result, this proposal will not be implemented.”
Infantino’s proposal met with fierce resistance from UEFA, CONCACAF, and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
UEFA indicated that all 55 of its members would boycott FIFA competitions, including the World Cup, if the plans remained on the table.
In its statement, FIFA noted that “nobody is selling football,” and while asserting that it “acknowledges and respects the feedback and concerns expressed publicly,” emphasized that it would continue to implement suggestions.
It added that it “reaffirms its commitment to an open and democratic process of consultation.”
Shortly after FIFA issued its statement, the AFC released its own declaration of solidarity with UEFA and the Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF).
Infantino subsequently suffered two major internal blows.
First, his adviser Carlos Cordeiro resigned from his position, sharply criticizing the plan in a statement as “a bad deal for FIFA member associations, a bad deal for football, and a bad deal for the long-term future of the game.”
Then, FIFA Chief Operating Officer Kevin Lamour told the Associated Press that staff felt “deceived” by Infantino and that after raising the issue, he would “sleep better, even at the cost of losing his job.”
Lamour said:
“This is the project of a single person. Leaving aside that this project should not proceed… it is now time for the political leaders of world football to ask themselves the right questions and make the right decisions.”
These developments left Infantino cornered, and by Friday afternoon, numerous figures within the organization—speaking to The Athletic on condition of anonymity to protect their jobs—believed it was no longer a question of “if” the cord would be cut, but “when.”
Joshua Kushner’s venture capital firm Thrive had not withdrawn from the deal as of Friday night, but that became moot when FIFA management ultimately decided to kill the project via a public statement.
Joshua Kushner is the brother of Jared Kushner, the son-in-law of Donald Trump.
On Tuesday, world football’s governing body had announced its intention to establish FIFA Forward Enterprises (FFE), a new private entity to manage its flagship events, including the World Cup and the Club World Cup, with plans to sell a 21% minority stake in FFE to external investors.
The sale was targeted to generate $4.2 billion (£3.2 billion) in revenue. FIFA stated that this amount could be immediately distributed to its 211 member associations under a new funding stream named the “FIFA Fast-Forward Program” (FFFP).
Under the plan, FIFA’s total development funding would have exceeded $10 billion over the next four years.
Despite mounting criticism in recent days, FIFA confirmed that if member associations opposed the FFE plan but the proposal was accepted, the dissenting federations would each receive $20 million (£14.9 million) for the 2027–30 cycle, regardless of whether shares in FFE were sold to private investors (to be followed by $22 million for 2031–34 and $24 million for 2035–38).
However, had a given member association accepted the FFE proposal, it would have received $40 million for the 2027–30 period, with subsequent payouts remaining the same.
The three confederations that explicitly took a stand against FIFA’s plan represent 137 of the 211 FIFA member associations.
FIFA had stated that for the proposal to move forward, it required the approval of a majority of the 211 member associations as well as the 37-member FIFA Council, which consists of Infantino and eight FIFA vice presidents.
Strategic reactions and leadership crisis
South American football confederation CONMEBOL did not reject the plans in a statement on Friday, but noted that financial and commercial decisions “must always serve the interests of football and never take precedence over the essence of the game.”
According to a report by The Athletic, Infantino’s future leadership of FIFA was called into question during UEFA and CONCACAF meetings held on Thursday.
Infantino assumed the FIFA presidency in February 2016, succeeding Sepp Blatter, and was expected to run unopposed in the next election scheduled for March 2027.
There is also talk among European officials of putting forward Nasser Al-Khelaifi, the Qatari CEO of beIN Media, to run against Infantino.
Lise Klaveness, President of the Norwegian Football Federation, told VG: “My clear impression right now is that he has suffered a major loss of trust. We did not vote for him last time and were skeptical about this. There are many good aspects to FIFA, but if you take a lax approach to governance principles and rules, you lose trust quickly.”
Diplomacy
Defense Priorities director warns US air strategy in Middle East faces tactical limits
The collapse of a tentative memorandum of understanding between Washington and Tehran, coupled with the diminishing strategic returns of American air power, has left the United States locked in an unsustainable, low-intensity conflict with Iran, according to Benjamin Friedman, Policy Director at the Washington-based think tank Defense Priorities.
Speaking in an interview on the YouTube channel Harici with host Sarp Sinan Hacır, Friedman attributed the failure of the short-lived US-Iran memorandum primarily to the Trump administration’s diplomatic missteps, vague draft language, and unrealistic expectations regarding a comprehensive settlement.
“Both sides really deserve some blame, but the Trump administration deserves the bulk of the blame for drafting an agreement that was so vague on key terms,” Friedman said, citing ambiguities surrounding the timeline for unfreezing Iranian assets and the scope of American commitments to restrain Israeli military operations in Lebanon.
Friedman emphasized that deep-seated mistrust in Tehran, exacerbated by repeated instances where diplomatic engagement was followed by Israeli or American military strikes, led Iranian negotiators to adopt an unyielding posture. At the same time, he noted that Iran likely miscalculated by using disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz to aggressively force leverage.
“The Trump administration remained intent on this sort of grand bargain that would restrain Iran seeking weapons development… and I think they continue to misread the Iranian willingness to sign that kind of deal,” Friedman noted, adding that Tehran viewed its leverage over the Strait of Hormuz as essential despite the risk of provoking further strikes.
Expressing deep skepticism over the prospects for a lasting diplomatic breakthrough, Friedman criticized the administration’s reliance on informal envoys such as Steve Bannon and Jared Kushner over professional diplomatic channels, predicting that the baseline outcome will remain an unpredictable, episodic conflict.
“What’s more likely is a kind of on-off-again kind of war—sort of what we’re in now, where we have occasional strikes, with the United States perhaps by accident adopting the Israeli model of ‘mowing the lawn’ periodically,” Friedman said.
Addressing the efficacy of US air power, Friedman argued that military operations against Iranian targets have reached a point of diminishing returns. While early strikes successfully eliminated critical high-value assets—such as over-the-horizon radar systems that targeted anti-ship missiles—Iran’s ballistic missile and long-range drone capabilities remain largely intact and operational.
He pointed to a recent strike on a base hosting US personnel in Jordan, launched from western Iran over a distance exceeding 1,000 kilometers, as evidence of Tehran’s sustained strike precision and the tactical limits of American interdiction efforts.
“The war is a failure for air power even in a tactical sense,” Friedman stated. “Initially, we looked at it and said we had a lot of success in destroying targets, but as more information came out, it turned out they had maybe more than half of their missiles and launchers survive the initial phase of the war.”
Friedman observed that the global proliferation of low-cost, high-precision guidance technology has permanently altered the strategic landscape, neutralizing the traditional invulnerability of forward-deployed US installations. “The precise effects of air power that used to be almost a monopoly of the United States… is actually making our posture in the region less sustainable,” he said, warning that similar vulnerabilities would be vastly amplified in any potential high-intensity conflict with China.
As an alternative to open-ended military engagement, Friedman suggested that Washington consider a complete military withdrawal from the region, even if it entails accepting Iranian transit fees on commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. “The cost of preventing that through perpetual outbursts of warfare is much higher than just accepting it,” he noted.
Turning to regional dynamics, Friedman addressed Israel’s current absence from active strike operations against Iran, characterizing it as a calculated move to preserve its own air defense interceptors while relying on Washington to bear the operational and political burdens of containment.
On European security and the broader alliance structure, Friedman offered a critical assessment of the NATO summit in Ankara and the administration’s “NATO 3.0” concept. He described the white paper led by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth as an effort to coerce European states into escalating defense expenditures and purchasing American hardware under the threat of reduced security guarantees, rather than executing a structured, strategic US posture adjustment.
“This is not a real US withdrawal; it’s a kind of pressure to up your loyalty in a particular way,” Friedman said, noting that major European powers such as Germany, France, and the UK lack a compelling existential incentive to construct independent, large-scale conventional war-fighting capabilities.
Regarding bilateral relations with Ankara, Friedman noted that US-Turkish tensions have eased considerably following the shift in American posture in Syria and progress toward resolving long-standing friction points, including the F-35 program and S-400 procurement. He added that while Israeli leadership under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has expressed frustration over Washington’s constructive engagement with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the White House has maintained its strategic course despite pressure from domestic pro-Israel lobbying groups.
Addressing internal Republican Party dynamics, Friedman highlighted the evolving public stance of Vice President J.D. Vance, whose cautious criticism of Israeli influence and emphasis on divergent national interests reflects broader ideological shifts within the conservative base.
“Vance is more representative of the shift in the Republican Party,” Friedman said. “He’s criticizing them in a limited way and saying, ‘Our interests are different.’ From the perspective of those of us who would like the United States to have a more distant relationship from Israel, it’s progress.”
Looking ahead to the upcoming US midterm elections, Friedman anticipated that a loss of congressional control by the Republican Party would severely curtail the administration’s domestic executive overreach, though its structural impact on foreign policy execution and Middle Eastern operations would remain comparatively limited.
Diplomacy
UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham pledges full support to Ukraine in meeting with Zelenskyy
UK Prime Minister Andy Burnham has met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Portsmouth, England.
Zelenskyy is the first world leader Burnham has met in person since taking office, with the prime minister committing to building a “firm partnership” between the United Kingdom and Ukraine.
Demonstrating their support, the two leaders toured a military base in Portsmouth where 200 Ukrainian troops are currently undergoing naval training exercises.
Burnham described his meeting with the Ukrainian president as “warm” and said he plans to visit Ukraine soon.
“We will build this together and address the various issues President Zelenskyy is facing, many of which we discussed today,” Burnham said.
The meeting follows an announcement by London that it will share intellectual property rights to assist Kyiv’s war effort.
The new prime minister announced that the UK will share the “Stone Cloak” electronic warfare system—which is fitted to drones to prevent detection—and will assist Ukraine in mass-producing the technology.
Burnham has focused primarily on domestic matters since replacing Keir Starmer, who faced criticism from elements within his own party for spending too much time abroad and focusing heavily on foreign affairs.
However, Burnham sought to signal continuity in Britain’s policy toward Ukraine. In one of his first phone calls after becoming prime minister last week, Burnham invited Zelenskyy to visit the UK “as soon as possible.”
Starmer spent his final full day as prime minister in Kyiv, where he announced £255 million in funding for Ukraine.
Speaking to Sky on Monday, Zelenskyy said his telephone conversation with Burnham had been “very good.”
The Ukrainian leader noted that Starmer had previously assured him that “the new government would maintain the policy of supporting Ukraine during the war.”
The new prime minister told the Ukrainian leader it was “no coincidence” that he was his first international visitor since moving into Downing Street.
“The purpose of this is to send a very clear message. We stand 100% with Ukraine, I personally stand 100% with you, and I will fully deliver on every commitment this country has made to Ukraine,” Burnham said.
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