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Which European countries will comply with the ICC arrest warrant?

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The International Criminal Court (ICC) arrest warrant against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant has sparked widespread reactions across Europe. Countries including Ireland, Belgium, France, Slovenia, Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Lithuania, Estonia, and Liechtenstein have stated their readiness to comply with the ICC’s decision.

Following the ICC’s announcement on 21 November regarding arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Gaza, most European nations have declared unconditional compliance. However, some countries criticized the decision, taking an ambiguous stance.

Borrell calls for compliance with court order

The EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs, Josep Borrell, urged member states to adhere to the ICC ruling, emphasizing its judicial rather than political nature. Borrell stated:

“This is not a political decision; it is a judicial decision. It is the verdict of an international court with strong support from EU member states. Its rulings are legal and binding. There can be no picking and choosing.”

Borrell also highlighted the dire situation in Gaza, describing it as “hell on earth,” and condemned the proliferation of “manipulation and disinformation.”

Countries supporting the ICC decision

A majority of European countries expressed their intention to respect and implement the ICC arrest warrant:

Ireland: Prime Minister Simon Harris remarked, “Ireland respects the role of the ICC. Those in a position to assist the Court in its vital work should act urgently.”

Netherlands: Foreign Minister Caspar Veldkamp stated that Netanyahu would be arrested if he visited the Netherlands, underscoring the nation’s obligation under the Rome Statute.

Belgium: Deputy Prime Minister Petra De Sutter called for compliance with the ruling and economic sanctions against Israel, stating, “War crimes and crimes against humanity cannot go unpunished.”

Spain: Deputy Prime Minister Yolanda Díaz affirmed, “We are always on the side of justice and international law. Genocide against the Palestinian people cannot go unpunished.”

France: Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot declared that France would apply international law regarding the ICC’s decision. “France is committed to international justice and its independence,” he said.

Diverging opinions among European nations

Some countries expressed reservations about the ICC decision:

Germany: Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock stated that Germany is analyzing the practical implications of the arrest warrants. Government spokesman Steffen Hebestreit noted that implementing such arrests might prove challenging.

Hungary: Prime Minister Viktor Orbán criticized the decision and extended an invitation to Netanyahu, guaranteeing immunity from the ICC’s jurisdiction during his visit.

Austria: Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg argued that the ICC’s decision undermines the Court’s credibility while emphasizing the need for consistent application of international law.

Czech Republic: Prime Minister Petr Fiala described the decision as “unfortunate” but reaffirmed the country’s commitment to legal obligations under the Rome Statute.

Obligations under the Rome Statute

Under Articles 86 and 87 of the Rome Statute, states party to the ICC are required to cooperate with the Court and execute arrest warrants. Article 89 specifically mandates that any ICC member state must arrest and surrender individuals subject to arrest warrants when they enter its territory.

Previous cases demonstrate the challenges of enforcing such decisions. For example, South Africa and Jordan failed to execute arrest warrants for former Sudanese leader Omar al-Bashir, while Mongolia did not act on a warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin. Nonetheless, these warrants restrict the freedom of movement for suspects, as seen with Putin’s avoidance of the BRICS summit in South Africa.

Netanyahu and Gallant will face similar restrictions, as they are now barred from traveling to 124 ICC member states, including all European Union members, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, and most nations in Central and South America and Africa.

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US to tighten entry rules for Russian citizens

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The Donald Trump administration is reportedly planning to introduce new restrictions on entry to the US for citizens of forty-three countries, including Russia and Belarus.

According to The New York Times, citing American officials familiar with the matter, the project was prepared by American diplomats and security units and envisages dividing countries into three categories: “red,” “orange,” and “yellow.”

Travel to the US will be significantly restricted for citizens of the ten countries on the “orange” list.

Only “wealthy business travelers” from these countries will be allowed to enter the country, while tourist and immigration visas may be prohibited.

In addition to Russia and Belarus, Haiti, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Eritrea, and Turkmenistan are also planned to be included in this list.

The “red” list includes eleven countries: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen, and citizens of these countries will be completely banned from entering the US.

The 22 countries on the “yellow” list will be given 60 days to address US concerns. Otherwise, these countries may also be placed in the “orange” or “red” categories. This list generally includes Caribbean and African countries.

It is not yet known whether the new regulation will affect existing visas and residence permits (green cards).

It remains unclear whether these will be canceled.

The recommendations regarding the new entry regulation were prepared by the State Department a few weeks ago, but the document may be revised before being submitted to the White House.

In addition, The New York Times recalled that in January, Donald Trump signed a decree envisaging the identification of countries whose information provided was “insufficient for verification” and the partial or complete suspension of entry for citizens of these countries.

The newspaper also noted that Trump imposed a similar ban during his first presidential term (2017-2021), but this ban was later lifted by his successor, Joe Biden.

The report noted that officials from various government agencies declined to comment on the matter.

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CK Hutchison shares fall after China criticizes Panama port sale

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Shares in Hong Kong-based conglomerate CK Hutchison fell 5% on Friday after China criticized the sale of its Panama Canal ports and suggested it should “think twice” about a $22.8 billion deal with US asset manager BlackRock.

A strongly worded commentary, which first appeared in Hong Kong’s Beijing-backed newspaper Ta Kung Pao and was reposted late Thursday by China’s top office in charge of the territory’s affairs, accused the US of using “despicable means” to pressure the deal.

The article stated, “[Critics] say this is a spineless, fawning, profit-seeking move that sells out integrity for personal gains and disregards national interests. [It is an act of betraying and selling out all the Chinese people].”

It emphasized that China’s maritime transport and trade would be hindered by the US and that CK Hutchison should “think twice” about “what position and side it should be on.”

Dan Baker, a senior equity analyst at Morningstar, said concerns over whether the deal would be completed after securing approval from the Trump administration were reflected in Friday’s share price decline, but that the move might be an “overreaction.”

“To the extent that the company still has assets in China, if the Chinese government is angry with them for making this sale, there is probably some potential investor concern about what might happen to their businesses that are still there,” Baker said.

Mainland China and Hong Kong accounted for about 14% of CK Hutchison’s 2023 revenues, while revenues from the UK and Europe accounted for about 50% of that.

CK Hutchison did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Its shares had risen more than 20% in Hong Kong when the deal was first announced last week.

At the time, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian declined to comment on the sale but denied Trump’s claims that China controlled the canal.

Under the agreement in principle, 43 ports owned by billionaire Li Ka-shing’s CK Hutchison company, located at both ends of the Panama Canal, will be sold to a consortium that includes BlackRock.

These ports include those in the UK and Germany, as well as Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Mexico, and Australia.

According to the Financial Times, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink briefed senior officials from the Trump administration, including the President and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, to secure their support for the takeover.

The deal was planned a few days after Donald Trump took office. The President said in his inaugural speech: “The Panama Canal is operated by China… and we are taking it back.”

Li, who retired as chairman of CK Hutchison in 2018 and still serves as a senior advisor, was actively involved in the negotiations.

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China, Russia, Iran unite in call to end illegal sanctions

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China, Russia, and Iran, following trilateral talks in Beijing on Friday, called for an end to “illegal and unilateral sanctions” against Tehran, as well as “threats of force.”

In a joint statement released by Chinese state television CCTV, the three countries said that diplomatic engagement and dialogue based on “mutual respect” were the “only effective and viable option” to address the issue of Iran’s nuclear program.

“The three countries emphasized that relevant parties should be determined to eliminate the root causes of the current situation and abandon sanctions and pressure, as well as military threats,” the statement continued.

The statement did not explicitly mention the US, but the meeting followed Iran’s rejection of Donald Trump’s proposal to restart nuclear negotiations. Tehran said it was not fair to negotiate under conditions where Washington was implementing a policy of maximum pressure.

The meeting, chaired by Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu, was attended by Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov and Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi.

During his first term as president, Trump withdrew the US from the international agreement under which Iran agreed to limit its nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of sanctions.

Last week, Trump proposed restarting negotiations in a letter to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, which was delivered by the United Arab Emirates. In an interview a day after the letter was delivered, he said that if Tehran did not want to negotiate, the US would have to “intervene militarily.”

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian said that he would not negotiate under “threat” and would not submit to the “orders” of the US.

Friday’s meeting took place before a conference at the United Nations Security Council on the same day to discuss Iran’s growing uranium stockpile. Earlier this month, the International Atomic Energy Agency expressed new concerns about Iran’s uranium enrichment activities, stating that these activities were approaching weapons-grade levels.

In a joint press conference with his Russian and Iranian counterparts, Sergei Ryabkov and Kazem Gharibabadi, Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu said: “We emphasized the importance of UN Security Council Resolution 2231 and its timeframe, and called on relevant parties to avoid actions that would escalate the situation and to jointly create a favorable atmosphere and conditions for diplomatic efforts.”

The resolution Ma referred to endorsed the nuclear agreement, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which was also signed by China, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and the European Union.

On Friday, both China and Russia welcomed Iran’s commitment to the Non-Proliferation Treaty and Tehran’s pledge not to pursue nuclear weapons. “They emphasized that Iran’s right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes as a party to the treaty should be fully respected,” the statement said.

The trio also held joint naval exercises in the Gulf of Oman last week to deepen military cooperation.

It was also noteworthy that the meeting was not held in Beijing. China, which aims to mediate in disputes in the Middle East, has previously mediated between Iran and Saudi Arabia, long-time adversaries, and brought together Palestinian organizations in Beijing at the beginning of the Gaza War.

Analysts say that China’s growing interest in the Middle East also reflects Beijing’s desire to diversify relations beyond economic partnerships. According to Jonathan Fulton of the Atlantic Council, some Middle Eastern countries see relations with China as a tool and even leverage to attract the attention of the US.

“Iran, of course, sees the West as an enemy and China’s support as crucial to navigating a challenging regional and international environment,” Fulton said in his recent report for the Washington-based think tank.

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