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BRICS summit highlights multilateralism

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The BRICS countries endorsed the Kazan Declaration, which aims to strengthen multilateralism, and pledged to reform global governance, increase financial cooperation, and resolve conflicts through diplomacy. They also called for a ceasefire in Gaza and supported Palestine’s full membership in the UN.

The BRICS leaders adopted the declaration “Strengthening Multilateralism for Equitable Global Development and Security” at the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan.

The document was published on the official website of the Kremlin. The Kazan Declaration expresses the BRICS member states’ commitment to deepening cooperation in three main areas: political and security, economic and financial, and cultural and humanitarian ties.

Towards a fairer and more democratic world order

The declaration noted the emergence of new centers of power, political decision-making mechanisms, and economic growth that would lay the foundations for a “more equitable, democratic, and balanced multipolar world order.”

It called for greater participation by emerging economies, developing countries, and least-developed countries, particularly from Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, to improve global governance. It also advocated for reform of the Bretton Woods institutions and for greater representation of developing countries in leadership positions.

Additionally, it called for an end to coercive measures, including unilateral economic sanctions and secondary sanctions.

The summit also emphasized the need to establish a two-tier dispute settlement mechanism within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and to expedite the appointment of new members to the Appellate Body.

Strengthening security

The BRICS countries expressed concern over ongoing armed conflicts around the world and called for the peaceful resolution of disputes through diplomacy.

In particular, they condemned Israel’s military operations in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria. They called for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the unconditional release of all hostages and detainees on both sides, and the uninterrupted delivery of humanitarian aid to the region.

The BRICS leaders also expressed support for Palestine’s admission as a full member of the United Nations (UN).

The Russia-Ukraine conflict was also addressed in the declaration. Recalling the national positions of the BRICS countries in the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly on this issue, the declaration underlined the importance of a peaceful resolution of the conflict through dialogue and diplomacy.

Additionally, the BRICS countries agreed to cooperate within the BRICS framework to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and cybercrime.

Financial and economic cooperation

The declaration emphasized the need to reform the existing international financial structure to make it more equitable.

The summit discussed the possibility of establishing an independent cross-border settlement and custody infrastructure called BRICS Clear, an initiative complementary to existing financial market infrastructure, as well as a voluntary independent BRICS reinsurance capacity, including BRICS (Re)Insurance.

The leaders also called for strengthening correspondent banking networks among BRICS countries and aligning national currencies.

The parties further agreed to share standards and methodologies for managing special economic zones.

While all BRICS countries were encouraged to invest in research infrastructure, it was also proposed to transform the New Development Bank into a new type of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, tailored for the 21st century.

Strengthening humanitarian assistance and cultural exchanges

The declaration stressed the importance of humanitarian assistance within BRICS and agreed to promote cultural cooperation. This included the establishment of museums, national galleries, libraries, theaters, and a film school alliance.

The declaration concluded by welcoming Russia’s assumption of the BRICS presidency in 2024 and pledging full support to Brazil during its presidency the following year.

The XVI BRICS Summit, which began on 22 October in Kazan, consisted of two sessions. The first session focused on the theme of Russia’s 2024 presidency, “Strengthening Multilateralism for Equitable Global Development and Security.”

The second session was organized in the BRICS Plus/Outreach format, titled “BRICS and the Global South – Building a Better World Together.”

For the first time, this year’s summit was held in an expanded format, with Egypt, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, and Ethiopia joining Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

DIPLOMACY

Fidan and Rubio discuss Syria, Gaza, and defense in US meeting

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Minister of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan and his accompanying delegation began a two-day visit to the US.

During the visit, Fidan met with US Senator Marco Rubio. According to a statement attributed to US State Department Spokesperson Tammy Bruce, the two discussed cooperation on key issues in security and trade.

Rubio requested Turkey’s support for peace in Ukraine and the South Caucasus, while appreciating Ankara’s leadership in the “Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS.”

According to the spokesperson, the American senator reiterated the need for close cooperation to support a “stable, unified, and peaceful Syria,” stating they do not want Syria to be “either a base for international terrorism or a pathway for Iran’s destabilizing activities.”

Rubio also highlighted recent progress in bilateral trade and encouraged an even greater economic partnership moving forward.

Finally, the Senator expressed concerns regarding the recent arrest of Ekrem Imamoglu in Turkey and the subsequent protests.

Turkey has not made an official statement: AA reported based on ‘foreign ministry sources’

According to Turkish Foreign Ministry sources cited by AA, Fidan and Rubio emphasized the “importance of engaging with the Syrian government” during their meeting on Tuesday.

The sources stated, “Both sides emphasized the importance of engaging with the Syrian government and expressed their determination regarding the stabilization of Syria and the fight against terrorism.”

According to the sources speaking to AA, Fidan and Rubio discussed a range of regional and bilateral issues, including the need for a permanent ceasefire in Gaza, deemed essential for “regional peace.”

The sources also mentioned that the issues discussed in the phone call between President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and US President Donald Trump on March 16 were followed up on during the meeting.

The two sides also discussed preparations for upcoming presidential-level visits and expressed their determination to remove obstacles to defense cooperation.

The report added, “Both sides clearly expressed their political will to remove obstacles to cooperation in the defense industry. Technical meetings will be held to resolve existing issues.”

The two sides also discussed efforts to achieve a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine, with Turkey expressing support for recent US efforts in this direction.

The talks also covered the ongoing peace process between Azerbaijan and Armenia and the importance of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s stability for the entire Balkan region.

Is Hamas on the table?

Meanwhile, Trump, during a White House meeting with a group of US Ambassadors confirmed by the Senate, referred to Turkey and Erdogan as a “good country, a good leader.”

The new US Ambassador to Ankara, Thomas Barack, was also present at the meeting. Barack, known as a close friend of Trump and a real estate magnate, thanked the President for appointing him to Turkey, “one of the ancient civilizations.”

In an article penned by Murat Yetkin in Yetkin Report, it is alleged that Trump might engage in bargaining over Hamas and Gaza in exchange for steps such as lifting CAATSA sanctions against Turkey.

Yetkin relays that CHP leader Ozgur Ozel, in a statement on March 18, referred to the Trump-Erdogan phone call, criticizing the lack of mention of Gaza and Israel, and accused Erdogan of “selling out the Palestinian cause for Trump.”

Recalling that Trump’s special representative Steve Witkoff told Tucker Carlson in an interview that they expect “good news” from Turkey, Yetkin underscores that Witkoff also stated elsewhere in the interview, “A terrorist organization cannot run Gaza; this is unacceptable for Israel. But their disarmament is possible. Then they can stay for a while longer and even get involved in politics.”

Yetkin asks, “Is Trump supporting Erdogan because of a plan to disarm the PKK and Hamas together?” while also noting that the Secretary of the PLO Executive Committee, Hussein al-Sheikh, met with Foreign Minister Fidan in Ankara on March 19, before Fidan flew to the US.

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DIPLOMACY

Agreement reached on Black Sea navigation safety between US, Russia, and Ukraine

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According to a statement from the White House, the US has reached an agreement with Ukraine and Russia to ensure navigational safety in the Black Sea.

It was stated that both sides agreed to refrain from using force and would not permit commercial vessels to be used for military purposes.

In return, the US will assist Russia’s return to the global market for agricultural products and fertilizer exports, reduce maritime transport insurance costs, and expand access to ports and payment systems for such operations.

Additionally, Washington has reached an agreement with Kyiv and Moscow to halt mutual attacks on energy facilities.

The White House stated, “The US will continue to facilitate negotiations to achieve a peaceful resolution between the two sides.”

Simultaneously, it insists on fulfilling US President Donald Trump’s demand to “stop the killings on both sides.”

Ukrainian Defense Minister Rustem Umerov confirmed the agreement but claimed that “Russia moving its warships outside the eastern part of the Black Sea would be considered a violation of the spirit of this agreement,” a breach of obligations to ensure freedom of navigation, and constitute “a threat to national security.”

Umerov asserted that in such a situation, Ukraine would “exercise its right to self-defense.”

Umerov also reported that the presidents of all parties agreed to implement agreements on a complete cessation of attacks on the energy infrastructure of Ukraine and Russia.

Furthermore, according to Umerov, the US confirmed it would assist with prisoner exchanges, the release of civilian detainees, and the return of forcibly displaced Ukrainian children.

A provision to this effect is also included in the White House statement.

“Effective implementation of the agreements will require additional technical consultations to coordinate all details, including ensuring monitoring and control of the agreement,” Umerov added.

Russia confirmed its agreement not to use force in the Black Sea amid the ongoing war with Ukraine.

However, Moscow insists on inspections to prevent the use of commercial vessels for military purposes.

The Kremlin also emphasized that compliance with the Black Sea ceasefire would begin after sanctions related to Russia’s food and fertilizer exports are lifted.

Specifically, this involves connecting the Russian Agricultural Bank (Rosselkhozbank) to the SWIFT system and opening necessary correspondent accounts.

Besides this, Moscow expects the removal of restrictions on food and fertilizer producers and exporters, and the elimination of obstacles for insurance companies working with such cargo.

Another point is the lifting of sanctions on Russian-flagged vessels used in the trade of these products and the removal of restrictions on their servicing in ports.

Finally, the Kremlin demanded the resumption of unobstructed supplies of agricultural machinery to Russia.

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DIPLOMACY

Athens postpones Mitsotakis-Erdoğan meeting after Imamoglu arrest

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The arrest of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu has shaken diplomatic relations between Türkiye and Greece, leading Athens to announce the postponement of a planned meeting between the leaders of the two countries.

Greek government spokesperson Pavlos Marinakis stated, “Given these developments, it is becoming difficult to organize the High-Level Cooperation Council between Greece and Türkiye immediately.”

The High-Level Council consists of a series of meetings aimed at improving relations through “soft politics,” as progress on contentious issues such as territorial disputes has stalled.

As Kathimerini recently reported, the meeting planned between Greek leader Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on April 8 was not yet finalized due to the political crisis in Türkiye, even though negotiations between Athens and Ankara had reached their final stage.

The spokesperson added, “We are monitoring the developments in Türkiye. The situation remains fluid and concerning. Our stance on Imamoglu has not changed. Concessions on the rule of law and political freedoms are unacceptable, and convincing answers are needed for any concessions made.”

Marinakis mentioned that the issue could be discussed by the foreign ministers of both countries at the NATO foreign ministers’ summit in Brussels in early April.

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