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Afghanistan and Iran display political maturity to end border-dispute

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Afghanistan and Iran have been able to immediately put a full stop to the recent border skirmishes and both sides called it a mistake while Tehran says it was a “brief conflict”.

Three days ago, the security forces of Afghanistan and Iran embroiled in a new clash, marked by the exchange of gunfire and military tension that also left several people dead and injured.

The clashes that underlie an age-old issue of waters on Afghanistan’s Helmand River, claimed the lives of two Iranian border guards and one Taliban forces.

The Helmand River is Afghanistan’s largest river that provides Iran with 22 cubic meters of water per second under a 1973 agreement. However, the flow of water has dropped significantly and Taliban blame drought and climate change as the key reason. Taliban said they are committed to the water treaty with Iran but says they are also scrambling with water shortages.

The Commander of the Ground Forces of Iran and other officials visited the Sistan Region of South-Eastern Iran to investigate the field conditions of the Iran-Afghanistan border areas. (Iran Press)

However, Iran sees the situation from a different perspective and blames Afghanistan’s dam construction for exacerbating drought conditions in both sides of the neighboring countries.

Iran, in particular, is not happy with a Kajak dam built on the Helmand River that has altered the river’s course and prevented water from reaching Iran.

Political maturity

Whatever might be claimed and visible positions as some certain external circles already started jubilating on the border dispute between Afghanistan and Iran, the two neighboring countries exhibited immense adulthood to overcome the quarrel.

Taliban and Iranian officials immediately restrained from releasing infuriating statements, and both sides pledged to stop repeating the same mistake.

Iran’s Interior Minister, Ahmad Vahidi has described clashes on the border as a “brief conflict” and said the problem has been resolved after negotiations with the Taliban.

Vahidi tried well to downplay the severity of the clash, and stated that currently there is no problem and the border is open and in peace.

But he blamed the Afghan border guards for starting the battle, and said they were given an appropriate response.

The Taliban also said that they want to have good ties with Iran, adding the border clashes was a mistake. Taliban’s spokesman Bilal Karimi said that Islamic Emirate does not want tensions with anyone, including its neighbors, and called the border fighting a “small dispute”.

“We are in contact with Iranian officials and if there is any issue we will resolve it collectively,” Karimi added.

No proxies at all

It is important that Iran and Afghanistan should pay extreme attention to issues such as recent border conflict that should not lead to a proxy war between the neighboring countries.

“Taliban and Iranian officials have shown the courage to resolve the border dispute without harming their ties, and this is a great development on relations between the two countries,” said a political expert.

Speaking to Harici, Jamil Hadiri said that every dispute between Kabul and Tehran should be resolved through dialogues and diplomatic approach before the enemies use the opportunity against both of them.

“It was a big mistake to see direct clashes between security forces of the two countries, but at the same time, it was great to see the ability and willingness from the two sides in resolving the quarrel in just a day,” Hadiri said.

Many clashes erupted between Afghanistan and Iran

Since August 2021 when the Islamic Emirate swept into power, there have been many clashes with Iran, but the recent one was deadly.

Taliban and Iranian border guards fought five times in the past 21 months and the first clash was on December 1, 2021, in Shaghalak area in Nimroz province. Officials from both sides confirmed the clash and said it erupted due to “misunderstandings” between the border guards of the two countries. No casualties reported from the incident.

On April 21, 2022, clashes erupted again between Taliban and Iranian security forces near the Islam Qala border. The third time was on July 23, 2022, and the clashes took place near Hirmand border town.

In February 2023, another clash took place and the recent one was on Saturday, May 27, when the border guards of the sides engaged in deadly fighting in Pul-e-Abrisham border crossing in Nimroz province, west of Afghanistan.

Drought is another headache

Drought and climate change have been one of the biggest drivers of conflict between Afghanistan and Iran.

Iran has been scrambling with drought in the last 30 years and as a last resort, warned Afghan leaders to unlock the flow of water to Iran, or face some serious action.

Nimroz residents have been suffering from water shortage since last five years.

The Taliban treated the warning as a wake-up call and wanted swift responses to Iran authorities with military action in case of any attacks.

Taliban leadership time and again says drought is hitting harder areas bordering Iran, especially Nimroz province.

Some residents in Nimroz told Harici that dozens of families were forced to leave their homes and migrated to other places even to other provinces due to drought and non-availability of water.

We have been facing drought in the last five years, said Syiar Khan, a resident of Nimroz province. Speaking to Harici, he said that he lives in the Nad Ali area but other relatives of his, including his older brother, migrated to Kabul due to lack of water. “We are farmers, and water is our basic need. I have lost all of my income in the last five years and I am also considering leaving Zaranj city to another province,” Khan added.

“We purchase one tanker of potable water against 400Afs, and this is very costly at a time when the economy is very bad,” said another resident Amir Gul.

Gul called on the Taliban leadership to help remove water shortages in the province through any possible way and release water from Kajaki dam if necessary.

ASIA

Syria will not follow Afghanistan’s Taliban model of governance

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In an astonishing statement, Ahmed Shará, also known as Abu Mohamad Jolani, the leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) said that he will allow the girls to go to schools and will not turn Syria like Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban.

Jolani, the de facto ruler of Syria, said that he will distance himself from the Taliban’s strict policies on women’s rights, and said that Syria will not follow the Taliban’s mode of governance.  

Jolani, who brought down the government of Bashar al-Assad and also widely welcomed by the Taliban, said that he believes in the education of women and girls and will not make Syria like Afghanistan.

“Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal. The Afghan model cannot be applied here,” Jolani told a BBC reporter.

Jolani says that Syria is a diverse society with various ideas, unlike Afghanistan, which is more tribal.

Jolani’s comment came when the Taliban congratulated the HTS-led victory by Jolani over Assad’s regime after years of fighting. The Afghan Foreign Ministry celebrated Jolani’s victory through a statement and hoped Jolani can bring peace and stability in the country.

“It is hoped that the power transition process is advanced in a manner that lays the foundation of a sovereign and serve-oriented Islamic government in the line with the aspiration of the Syrian people; that unifies the entire population without discrimination and retribution through adoption of a general assembly; and a positive foreign policy with world countries the safeguard Syria from a threat of negative rivalries of foreign actors and creates conditions for the return of millions of refugees,” the statement by Taliban Foreign Ministry.

However, Jolan’s position on the rights of women and girls is in great contrast with the current view of the Taliban leadership. Women and girls have been banned from education and work since the return of the Taliban in August 2021, following the collapse of the Republic System and withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Girls and women are even banned from medical institutions and visiting public spaces.

Jolani says he has a plan to create a government based institution and a council chosen by the people. 

The situation got worse when the Taliban’s Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice called women’s voices “immodest” compounding their exclusion from public life. This year, it has been marked as three years since girls were banned from pursuing education over sixth grade. Besides that, on December 20, 2022, the Taliban’s Ministry of Higher Education announced that women would be barred from attending public and private universities.    

In an interview with CNN, Jolani said that he has a plan to create a government based on institutions and a “council chosen by the people.”

“When we talk about objectives, the goal of the revolution remains the overthrow of this regime. It is our right to use all available means to achieve that goal,” said Jolani.

“The seeds of the regime’s defeat have always been within it… the Iranians attempted to revive the regime, buying it time, and later the Russians also tried to prop it up. But the truth remains: this regime is dead.”

Moreover, he also said the Syrian people are the “rightful owners” of the country after the ouster of Assad, and declared a “new history” has been written for the entire Middle East.

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Yoon summoned again for questioning on treason charges

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A joint law enforcement team investigating South Korea’s martial law case announced on Friday that it has issued a second summons to ousted President Yoon Suk Yeol, requesting his presence for questioning next week. The inquiry concerns his alleged involvement in the failed implementation of martial law.

The team has scheduled the questioning for 10:00 a.m. next Wednesday at the Corruption Investigation Office for Senior Officials (CIO) headquarters in Gwacheon, located just south of Seoul. This marks the second summons after Yoon refused to cooperate with the initial notice earlier this week.

The decision to hold the questioning on a public holiday appears to be a strategic move by the CIO, likely aimed at addressing security concerns. The office confirmed that the summonses were delivered via express mail and electronically to both Yoon’s residence and the presidential office in Yongsan. Notably, after Yoon’s team refused to accept the first subpoena, the CIO opted against delivering the documents in person for this round.

The investigation focuses on Yoon’s role in the December 3 martial law declaration, which he revoked following a vote in the National Assembly. If Yoon continues to disregard the summons without valid justification, the CIO may seek a court order to detain him for up to 48 hours.

Yoon faces allegations of sedition and abuse of office, charges that have gained traction since his dismissal by parliament last Saturday. His suspension from office remains in effect pending a decision by the Constitutional Court, which will determine whether he is permanently removed or reinstated.

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Xi Jinping champions economic diversification during Macau visit

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During a three-day visit to Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of its return to Chinese sovereignty from Portugal, President Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of economic diversification and maintaining the “one country, two systems” framework.

Speaking at the swearing-in ceremony for Macau’s new Chief Executive Officer, Sam Hou-fai, Xi urged the administration to make economic diversification the city’s primary focus. Sam, the fourth leader since the 1999 handover and the first mainland-born Chinese official to hold the position, is expected to align closely with Beijing’s objectives to reduce Macau’s reliance on gambling. The gambling industry, which accounts for approximately 80% of Macau’s tax revenue, has been the cornerstone of its rapid economic growth in recent years.

“Macau should prioritize proper economic diversification,” Xi stated, calling for enhanced policy support and investment in emerging sectors. He also reiterated the significance of the “one country, two systems” principle, stressing its role in ensuring the city’s “prosperity and stability” for the long term.

Xi’s visit included stops at the Macau University of Science and Technology, where he explored laboratories focusing on traditional Chinese medicine and planetary science. He also attended a cultural performance at the Macau Dome and met with local stakeholders, according to Chinese state media. His trip marked a shift in tone, with Anthony Lawrence, founder of Intelligence Macau, noting that it was the first time Xi publicly praised Macau for its progress rather than delivering critiques or instructions.

Since the liberalization of Macau’s gaming monopoly in 2002, the city has attracted significant foreign investment, including from prominent US casino operators such as Las Vegas Sands, MGM, and Wynn Resorts. However, the economy struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic due to travel restrictions, and recovery has only recently begun.

On Friday, Macau’s casinos were bustling with visitors, while non-gaming initiatives like a stamp exhibition co-organized by MGM China and Beijing’s Palace Museum showcased the city’s efforts to diversify its offerings.

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